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Threonine catabolism
Stable Identifier
R-HSA-8849175
Type
Pathway
Species
Homo sapiens
ReviewStatus
5/5
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Metabolism (Homo sapiens)
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives (Homo sapiens)
Threonine catabolism (Homo sapiens)
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The degradation of L-threonine to glycine in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes takes place through a two-step biochemical pathway in mitochondria (Dale 1978). In the first step, L-threonine is oxidised to 2-amino-3-oxobutanoate. This reaction is catalysed by mitochondrial L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase tetramer (TDH tetramer). In the second step, mitochondrial 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase (GCAT, aka KBL) catalyses the reaction between 2-amino-3-oxobutanoate and coenzyme A to form glycine and acetyl-CoA. GCAT resides on the mitochondrial inner membrane in dimeric form and requires pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PXLP) as cofactor. GCAT is thought to exist on the mitochondrial inner membrane in complex with TDH. With these two enzymes located together, it stops the rapid and spontaneous decarboxylation of 2A-3OBU to aminoacetone and carbon dioxide and instead, results in glycine formation (Tressel et al. 1986).
Literature References
PubMed ID
Title
Journal
Year
728468
Catabolism of threonine in mammals by coupling of L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase with 2-amino-3-oxobutyrate-CoA ligase
Dale, RA
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1978
3536927
Interaction between L-threonine dehydrogenase and aminoacetone synthetase and mechanism of aminoacetone production
Davis, L
,
Zieske, LR
,
Thompson, R
,
Menendez, MI
,
Tressel, T
J. Biol. Chem.
1986
Participants
Events
TDH tetramer oxidises L-Thr to 2A-3OB
(Homo sapiens)
PXLP-GCAT dimer ligates CoASH to 2A-3OB to form Gly and Ac-CoA
(Homo sapiens)
SDS dimers:PXLP dehydrate L-Thr to 2AA
(Homo sapiens)
HRSP12 deaminates 2AA to 2OBUTA
(Homo sapiens)
Participates
as an event of
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives (Homo sapiens)
Event Information
Go Biological Process
L-threonine catabolic process to glycine (0019518)
Orthologous Events
Threonine catabolism (Bos taurus)
Threonine catabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Threonine catabolism (Canis familiaris)
Threonine catabolism (Danio rerio)
Threonine catabolism (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Threonine catabolism (Drosophila melanogaster)
Threonine catabolism (Gallus gallus)
Threonine catabolism (Mus musculus)
Threonine catabolism (Rattus norvegicus)
Threonine catabolism (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Threonine catabolism (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
Threonine catabolism (Sus scrofa)
Threonine catabolism (Xenopus tropicalis)
Authored
Jassal, B (2015-12-14)
Reviewed
D'Eustachio, P (2016-01-11)
Created
Jassal, B (2015-12-14)
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