In addition to AGER/RAGE, several other proteins have been identified as AGE-binding proteins. AGE binding proteins p60 and p90 (Yang et al. 1991) were subsequently identified as the Oligosaccharyl transferase 48 kDa subunit (Ost-48) and Glucosidease-2 subunit beta (Li et al. 1996). A third member was identified as Galectin-3 (Vlassara et al. 1995). These 3 proteins have been shown to be present on the plasma membrane of many cell types including vascular endothelium (Stitt et al. 1999). They have been designated AGE-R1, -R2 and -R3. Their suggested function is the removal and degradation of AGEs, but AGER-1 was found to negatively regulate AGER/RAGE (Lu et al. 2004), with kinetics that suggested a more complex interaction than simple competition for the same ligand.
Cerami, A, Imani, F, Liu, FT, Yang, Z, Wojciechowicz, D, Vlassara, H, Li, YM
Brunelle, S, Suthanthiran, M, Cerami, A, Makita, Z, Yang, Z, Vlassara, H, Sehajpal, P, Horii, Y
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