Reactome | 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) + H2O + L-glutamine <=> 5-phosphoribosylamine + L-glutamate +pyrophosphate

5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) + H2O + L-glutamine <=> 5-phosphoribosylamine + L-glutamate +pyrophosphate

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-73815

Type

Reaction [transition]

Species

Homo sapiens

Compartment

cytosol

Synonyms

5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + L-glutamine + H2O => 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + L-glutamate + diphosphate, PRPP + H2O + L-Glutamine => 5-Phosphoribosylamine + L-Glutamate + PPi

ReviewStatus

5/5

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5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) + H2O + L-glutamine <=> 5-phosphoribosylamine + L-glutamate +pyrophosphate

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Cytosolic PPAT (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase) catalyzes the reaction of 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP), water, and L-glutamine to form 5-phosphoribosylamine, L-glutamate, and pyrophosphate. This event is the committed step in de novo purine synthesis. The reaction itself is reversible, but it is pulled strongly in the direction of 5'-phosphoribosylamine synthesis by the irreversible hydrolysis of the pyrophosphate that is also formed in the reaction. Fluoresence microscopy studies of cultured human cells have shown that PPAT is cytosolic and suggest that it may co-localize with other enzymes of de novo IMP biosynthesis under some metabolic conditions (An et al. 2008). The PPAT enzyme is inferred to be an iron-sulfur protein, like its well-characterized B. subtilis homologue, because incubation of purified enzyme with molecular oxygen or chelating agents inactivates it, and activity can be restored by incubation with ferrous iron and inorganic sulfide. The stoichiometry of the iron-sulfur moiety and its role in enzyme activity remain unknown (Itakura and Holmes 1979). The fully active form of the enzyme is a dimer, which can associate further to form a tetramer with sharply reduced activity (Holmes et al. 1973b; Iwahana et al. 1993). Interaction of the enzyme with inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP), guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP), and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), end products of de novo purine biosynthesis, favors tetramer formation, while interaction with 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP), a required substrate, favors formation of the active dimer. Kinetic studies suggest that the enzyme's binding site for GMP and IMP is separate from its AMP binding site (Holmes et al. 1973a).

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
4348202	Human glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase. Kinetic and regulatory properties Holmes, EW, McDonald, JA, McCord, JM, Wyngaarden, JB, Kelley, WN	J Biol Chem	1973
4726295	Human glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase. Two molecular forms interconvertible by purine ribonucleotides and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Holmes, EW, Wyngaarden, JB, Kelley, WN	J Biol Chem	1973
18388293	Reversible compartmentalization of de novo purine biosynthetic complexes in living cells An, S, Kumar, R, Sheets, ED, Benkovic, SJ	Science	2008
762062	Human amidophosphoribosyltransferase. An oxygen-sensitive iron-sulfur protein Itakura, M, Holmes, EW	J Biol Chem	1979
8380692	Molecular cloning of human amidophosphoribosyltransferase Iwahana, H, Oka, J, Mizusawa, N, Kudo, E, Ii, S, Yoshimoto, K, Holmes, EW, Itakura, M	Biochem Biophys Res Commun	1993