p53 causes G1 arrest by inducing the expression of a cell cycle inhibitor, p21 (El-Deiry et al, 1993; Harper et al, 1993; Xiong et al, 1993). P21 binds and inactivates Cyclin-Cdk complexes that mediate G1/S progression, resulting in lack of phosphorylation of Rb, E2F sequestration and cell cycle arrest at the G1/S transition. Mice with a homozygous deletion of p21 gene are deficient in their ability to undergo a G1/S arrest in response to DNA damage (Deng et al, 1995).
el-Deiry, WS, Tokino, T, Velculescu, VE, Levy, DB, Parsons, R, Trent, JM, Lin, D, Mercer, WE, Kinzler, KW, Vogelstein, B
Xiong, Y, Hannon, GJ, Zhang, H, Casso, D, Kobayashi, R, Beach, D
Harper, JW, Adami, GR, Wei, N, Keyomarsi, K, Elledge, SJ
Deng, C, Zhang, P, Harper, JW, Elledge, SJ, Leder, P
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