All C1-tetrahydrofolate (C1-THF) synthases characterised to date are trifunctional, containing the activities of 5,10-methylene-THF dehydrogenase, 5,10-methenyl-THF cyclohydrolase, and 10-formyl-THF synthetase. Mitochondrial monofunctional C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase (MTHFD1L) only possesses 10-formyl-THF synthetase activity and it reversibly ligates formate (HCOOH) to tetrahydrofolate (THF), forming 10-formyltetrahydrofolate (10-formyl-THF) (Prasannan et al. 2003, Walkup & Appling 2005). MTHFD1L is functional as a homodimer and could be a missing reaction in one-carbon folate metabolism linking the metabolism of formate from the cytosol to mitochondria (Pike et al. 2010). Under most conditions, the majority of one-carbon units for cytoplasmic processes are derived from mitochondrial formate.
Artzt, K, Pike, ST, Rajendra, R, Appling, DR
Appling, DR, Walkup, AS
Shane, B, Appling, DR, Peng, K, Prasannan, P, Pike, S
formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase activity of MTHFD1L dimer [mitochondrial matrix]
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