tRNA modification in the mitochondrion

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-6787450
DOI
10.3180/R-HSA-6787450.1
Type
Pathway
Species
Homo sapiens
ReviewStatus
5/5
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tRNA modification in the mitochondrion
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The 22 tRNAs encoded by the mitochondrial genome are modified in the mitochondrial matrix by enzymes encoded in the nucleus and imported into mitochondria (reviewed in Suzuki et al. 2011, Salinas-Giege et al. 2015). Some enzymes such as PUS1 and TRIT1 are located in more than one compartment and modify both mitochondrial tRNAs and cytosolic tRNAs. Other enzymes such as MTO1, TRMU, and TRMT61B are exclusively mitochondrial.
Modifications near the anticodon and near the 3' end of tRNAs tend to affect interaction of the tRNA with mRNA within ribosomes and with tRNA synthetases, respectively. Modifications in other regions, typically in the "core" of the tRNA tend to affect folding and stability of the tRNA (reviewed in Hou et al. 2015). The unusual modification 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine-34 in the anticodon of at least 3 tRNAs is found only in mammalian mitochondria and mutations that affect the responsible biosynthetic enzymes (GTPBP3, MTO1, TRMU) cause mitochondrial dysfunction and disease (reviewed in Torres et al. 2014).
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
25734984 tRNA biology in mitochondria

Giegé, P, Giege, R, Salinas-Giegé, T

Int J Mol Sci 2015
21910628 Human mitochondrial tRNAs: biogenesis, function, structural aspects, and diseases

Suzuki, T, Suzuki, T, Nagao, A

Annu. Rev. Genet. 2011
25780173 Post-transcriptional modifications to tRNA--a response to the genetic code degeneracy

Gamper, H, Hou, YM, Yang, W

RNA 2015
24581449 Role of tRNA modifications in human diseases

Batlle, E, Ribas de Pouplana, L, Torres, AG

Trends Mol Med 2014
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Go Biological Process
mitochondrial tRNA modification (0070900)
Authored
May, B  (2015-07-10)
Reviewed
Powell, CA  (2015-11-07)
Levinger, L  (2015-08-11)
Motorin, Y  (2015-08-25)
Jarrous, N  (2015-10-24)
Created
May, B  (2015-07-13)
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