Saturated and unsaturated fats can undergo beta-oxidation in the mitochondrion and peroxisomes. The only major difference known so far is that peroxisomes can process linear as well as branched unsaturated fatty acid enoyl-CoA esters with much longer chains (>C20) when compared with the mitochondrion. Peroxisomal 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (DECR2) mediates the reduction of long-chain enoyl-CoA esters (LCtE-CoA) to form trans-3-enoyl-CoA esters (t3enoyl-CoA) (De Nys et al. 2001, Hua et al. 2012). DECR2 functions as an auxiliary enzyme for fatty acid beta-oxidation where very long-chain and long-chain fatty acids are shortened in peroxisomes and shuttled to the mitochondrion for complete degradation.
De Nys, K, Meyhi, E, Mannaerts, GP, Fransen, M, Van Veldhoven, PP
Hua, T, Wu, D, Ding, W, Wang, J, Shaw, N, Liu, ZJ
trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity of DECR2 [peroxisomal membrane]
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