Reactome | ERCC2-facilitated RNA Pol II backtracking in TC-NER

ERCC2-facilitated RNA Pol II backtracking in TC-NER

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-6782131

Type

Reaction [transition]

Species

Homo sapiens

Compartment

nucleoplasm

ReviewStatus

5/5

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ERCC2-facilitated RNA Pol II backtracking in TC-NER

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The DNA helicase XPD (ERCC2), which is part of the TFIIH complex, unwinds the distorted DNA duplex around the lesion to form an open bubble structure that exposes the damaged site. The 5'->3 directed helicase activity of ERCC2 (Kuper et al. 2012) together with the ATPase activity of the 3'->5' directed DNA helicase ERCC3 contribute to dsDNA unwinding during nucleotide excision repair (NER) (Coin et al. 2007). In transcription-coupled NER (TC-NER), the ATPase activity of TFIIH complex, related to its helicase activity, is in addition necessary for the incision of the damaged DNA strand. While the endonuclease ERCC5 (XPG) can bind stalled RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) at a transcription bubble, it cannot perform incision in the absence of the TFIIH ATPase activity (Sarker et al. 2005). The helicase activity of the TFIIH complex may allow backtracking of the RNA Pol II, similar to the UvrD helicase involved in TC-NER in E.coli. Pulling RNA Pol II backwards from the DNA damage site would resolve steric hindrance of the RNA Pol II complex with the TC-NER endonucleases (Epshtein et al. 2014). RNA Pol II backtracking is accompanied by a partial digestion of the nascent 3' protruding mRNA via the 3'->5' directed exonuclease activity of RNA Pol II, which is stimulated by TCEA1 (TFIIS) (Donahue et al. 1994). Partial transcript digestion and RNA Pol II backtracking move the transcription bubble away from the open bubble that contains the DNA damage site (reviewed by Hanawalt and Spivak 2008).

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
8078911	Transcript cleavage by RNA polymerase II arrested by a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer in the DNA template Donahue, BA, Yin, S, Taylor, JS, Reines, D, Hanawalt, PC	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	1994
17466626	Distinct roles for the XPB/p52 and XPD/p44 subcomplexes of TFIIH in damaged DNA opening during nucleotide excision repair Coin, F, Oksenych, V, Egly, JM	Mol. Cell	2007
24402227	UvrD facilitates DNA repair by pulling RNA polymerase backwards Epshtein, V, Kamarthapu, V, McGary, K, Svetlov, V, Ueberheide, B, Proshkin, S, Mironov, A, Nudler, E	Nature	2014
16246722	Recognition of RNA polymerase II and transcription bubbles by XPG, CSB, and TFIIH: insights for transcription-coupled repair and Cockayne Syndrome Sarker, AH, Tsutakawa, SE, Kostek, S, Ng, C, Shin, DS, Peris, M, Campeau, E, Tainer, JA, Nogales, E, Cooper, PK	Mol. Cell	2005
22081108	Functional and structural studies of the nucleotide excision repair helicase XPD suggest a polarity for DNA translocation Kuper, J, Wolski, SC, Michels, G, Kisker, C	EMBO J.	2012