Reactome | Metallothioneins bind metals

Metallothioneins bind metals

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-5661231

Type

Pathway

Species

Homo sapiens

ReviewStatus

5/5

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Metallothioneins are highly conserved, cysteine-rich proteins that bind metals via thiolate bonds (recent general reviews in Capdevila et al. 2012, Blindauer et al. 2014, reviews of mammalian metallothioneins in Miles et al. 2000, Maret 2011, Vasak and Meloni 2011, Thirumoorthy et al. 2001, Babula et al. 2012). Mammals contain 4 general metallothionein isoforms (MT1,2,3,4). The MT1 isoform has radiated in primates to 8 or 9 functional proteins (depending on classification of MT1L). Each mammalian metallothionein binds a total of 7 divalent metal ions in two clusters, the alpha and beta clusters. Though the functions of metallothioneins have not been fully elucidated, they appear to participate in detoxifying heavy metals (reviewed in Sharma et al. 2013), storing and transporting zinc, and redox biochemistry. Metallothioneins interact with many other cellular proteins, with most interactions involving proteins of the central nervous system (reviewed in Atrian and Capdevila 2013).

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
21599891	A review of metallothionein isoforms and their role in pathophysiology Thirumoorthy, N, Shyam Sunder, A, Manisenthil Kumar, K, Senthil Kumar, M, Ganesh, G, Chatterjee, M	World J Surg Oncol	2011
25436572	Metallothionein-protein interactions Atrian, S, Capdevila, M	Biomol Concepts	2013
21647776	Chemistry and biology of mammalian metallothioneins Vašák, M, Meloni, G	J. Biol. Inorg. Chem.	2011
21647775	Redox biochemistry of mammalian metallothioneins Maret, W	J. Biol. Inorg. Chem.	2011
	Binding, Transport and Storage of Metal Ions in Biological Cells Blindauer, CA		2014
10755665	Induction, regulation, degradation, and biological significance of mammalian metallothioneins Miles, AT, Hawksworth, GM, Beattie, JH, Rodilla, V	Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol.	2000
22791193	Mammalian metallothioneins: properties and functions Babula, P, Masarik, M, Adam, V, Eckschlager, T, Stiborova, M, Trnkova, L, Skutkova, H, Provaznik, I, Hubalek, J, Kizek, R	Metallomics	2012
23620664	Clinical significance of metallothioneins in cell therapy and nanomedicine Sharma, S, Rais, A, Sandhu, R, Nel, W, Ebadi, M	Int J Nanomedicine	2013
	State-of-the-art of metallothioneins at the beginning of the 21st century Capdevila, M, Bofill, R, Palacios, Ò, Atrian, S	Coor. Chem. Reviews	2012