SLC1A1 does not cotransport L-Glu,L-Asp,D-Asp,H+,3Na+ from extracellular region to cytosol

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-5625029
Type
Reaction [transition]
Species
Homo sapiens
Compartment
cytosol, extracellular region, plasma membrane
ReviewStatus
5/5
Locations in the PathwayBrowser
Expand all
General
SVG | 
PNG
Low
Medium
High
 | PPTX  | SBGN
SLC1A1 does not cotransport L-Glu,L-Asp,D-Asp,H+,3Na+ from extracellular region to cytosol
Click the image above or here to open this reaction in the Pathway Browser
The layout of this reaction may differ from that in the pathway view due to the constraints in pathway layout
There are two classes of glutamate transporters; the excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) which depend on an electrochemical gradient of Na+ ions and vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) which are proton-dependent. Together, these transporters uptake and release glutamate to mediate this neurotransmitter's excitatory signal and are part of the glutamate glutamine cycle.

The SLC1 gene family includes five high affinity glutamate transporters encoded by SLC1, 2, 3, 6 and 7. These transporters can mediate transport of L-Glutamate (L-Glu), L-Aspartate (L-Asp) and D-Aspartate (D-Asp) with cotransport of 3 Na+ ions and H+ and antiport of a K+ ion. This mechanism allows glutamate into cells against a concentration gradient. This is a crucial factor in the protection of neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity (the excitation of nerve cells to their death) in the CNS (Zhou & Danbolt 2014).

SLC1A1 encodes an excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1, also called EAAT3) and is abundant particularly in brain but also in kidney, liver, muscle, ovary, testis and in retinoblastoma cell lines. In the kidney, SLC1A1 is present at apical membranes of proximal tubes where it serves as a major route of glutamate and aspartate reuptake from urine. Defects in SLC1A1 are the cause of dicarboxylic aminoaciduria (DCBXA; MIM:222730), an autosomal recessive glutamate-aspartate transport defect in the kidney and intestine (Bailey et al. 2011). Mutations that can cause DCBXA are R445W and I395del (Bailey et al. 2011).

A defect in SLC1A1 is also implicated in schizophrenia 18 (SCZD18; MIM:615232). Schizophrenia (SCZD; MIM:181500) is a complex, multifactorial psychotic disorder characterised by disturbances in the form and content of thought, in mood, in sense of self and relationship to the external world and in behaviour. It ranks amongst the world's top 10 causes of long term disability. At the neuropathological level, SCZD appears to be characterised by synaptic deficits, alterations in glutamate and dopamine neurotransmission and hypofrontality (a state of decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the prefrontal cortex of the brain). Variations in the SLC1A1 gene can confer susceptibility to SCZD18 (Harris et al. 2013). Striking support for this role of SLC1A1 is provided by studies of a 5 generation Palauan family, in which an 84kb deletion of SLC1A1 was carried by psychosis patients and proposed to increase the disease risk more than 18 fold for family members (Myles Worsley et al. 2013). The deletion removes upstream regulatory regions and the first 59 codons of the first exon of the gene. If expressed, the variant allele would encode a protein lacking its first transmembrane Na / dicarboxylate symporter domain.
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
23084727 Schizophrenia: metabolic aspects of aetiology, diagnosis and future treatment strategies

Krishnamurthy, D, Harris, LW, Wayland, MT, Umrania, Y, Guest, PC, Bahn, S, Rahmoune, H

Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013
24578174 Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the healthy brain

Zhou, Y, Danbolt, NC

J Neural Transm 2014
23341099 Deletion at the SLC1A1 glutamate transporter gene co-segregates with schizophrenia and bipolar schizoaffective disorder in a 5-generation family

Faraone, SV, Browning, SR, Korn, J, Gentile, K, Byerley, W, Goodman, S, Tiobech, J, Middleton, FA, Melhem, N, Myles-Worsley, M

Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 2013
21123949 Loss-of-function mutations in the glutamate transporter SLC1A1 cause human dicarboxylic aminoaciduria

Bailey, CG, Ryan, RM, Vanslambrouck, JM, Ng, C, Rasko, JE, Thoeng, AD, Auray-Blais, C, King, K, Broer, S, Vandenberg, RJ

J. Clin. Invest. 2011
Participants
Input
Participates
as an event of
Catalyst Activity

high-affinity glutamate transmembrane transporter activity of SLC1A1 mutants [plasma membrane]

Physical Entity
SLC1A1 mutants [plasma membrane] (Homo sapiens)
Activity
high-affinity glutamate transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0005314)
Normal reaction
SLC1A1,2,3,6,7 cotransport L-Glu,L-Asp,D-Asp,H+,3Na+ from extracellular region to cytosol (Homo sapiens)
Functional status

Loss of function of SLC1A1 mutants [plasma membrane]

Normal Entity
Disease Entity
Status
Disease
Name Identifier Synonyms
schizophrenia DOID:5419 schizophrenia-1
amino acid metabolic disorder DOID:9252 inborn errors of amino acid metabolism
Authored
Jassal, B  (2014-10-01)
Reviewed
Broer, S  (2015-08-04)
Created
Jassal, B  (2014-10-01)
Cite Us!