Defective GALE does not epimerise UDP-Gal to UDP-Glc

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-5610036
Type
Reaction [transition]
Species
Homo sapiens
Compartment
cytosol
ReviewStatus
5/5
Locations in the PathwayBrowser
Expand all
General
SVG | 
PNG
Low
Medium
High
 | PPTX  | SBGN
Defective GALE does not epimerise UDP-Gal to UDP-Glc
Click the image above or here to open this reaction in the Pathway Browser
The layout of this reaction may differ from that in the pathway view due to the constraints in pathway layout
Cytosolic UDP galactose 4 epimerase (GALE) catalyses the interconversion of UDP-D-galactose (UDP-Gal) and UDP-D-glucose (UDP-Glc), the third reacton in the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism. GALE can also catalyse the epimerisation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine. The active form of the enzyme is a homodimer with one molecule of bound NAD+ per monomer (GALE:NAD+ dimer). Defects in GALE can cause Epimerase deficiency galactosemia (EDG; MIM:230350), or type III galactosemia (diseases of galactose metabolism) whose clinical features include early onset cataracts, liver damage, deafness and mental retardation. The disease is now considered to be a continuum from mild to severe phenotypes (Openo et al. 2006). A mutation causing the severe form of EDG is V94M (Wohlers et al. 1999). Protein misfolding is the underlying cause of the disease and this leads to loss of enzymatic activity and, in some cases, reduced affinity for the NAD+ cofactor (McCorvie et al. 2012).
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
16385452 Epimerase-deficiency galactosemia is not a binary condition

Yu, C, Scaglia, F, Fridovich-Keil, JL, Schnur, RE, Lamance, K, Schroer, RJ, Slonim, AE, Gottesman, GS, Keenan, J, Berry, GT, Schulz, JM, Vargas, CA, Epstein, MP, Orton, CS, Ficicioglu, C, Openo, KK, Rangel, VE

Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2006
22613355 Altered cofactor binding affects stability and activity of human UDP-galactose 4'-epimerase: implications for type III galactosemia

Liu, Y, McCorvie, TJ, Fridovich-Keil, JL, Gleason, TJ, Timson, DJ, Frazer, A

Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2012
9973283 Identification and characterization of a mutation, in the human UDP-galactose-4-epimerase gene, associated with generalized epimerase-deficiency galactosemia

Fridovich-Keil, JL, Wohlers, TM, Christacos, NC, Harreman, MT

Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1999
Participants
Input
Participates
as an event of
Catalyst Activity

UDP-glucose 4-epimerase activity of GALE V94M:GALE V94M:NAD+:NAD+ [cytosol]

Physical Entity
GALE V94M:GALE V94M:NAD+:NAD+ [cytosol] (Homo sapiens)
Activity
UDP-glucose 4-epimerase activity (GO:0003978)
Normal reaction
GALE:NAD+ dimer reversibly epimerises UDP-Gal to UDP-Glc (Homo sapiens)
Functional status

Loss of function of GALE V94M:GALE V94M:NAD+:NAD+ [cytosol]

Normal Entity
Disease Entity
Status
Disease
Name Identifier Synonyms
galactosemia DOID:9870 Galactose intolerance, Galactosaemia
Authored
Jassal, B  (2014-07-21)
Reviewed
Timson, DJ  (2015-02-25)
Created
Jassal, B  (2014-07-21)
Cite Us!