TRAF6 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6) is a RING (really interesting new gene) domain ubiquitin (Ub) ligase that mediates NF-kB activation by regulating the ubiquitination of transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase (TAK1) and IkB kinase (IKK). TRAF6 has been implicated as downstream effector of MALT1. MALT1 binds to TRAF6 through two putative C-terminal TRAF6-binding motifs (Sun et al. 2004). Gorjestani et al. demonstrate that TRAF6 and TAK1 are required for C-type lectin receptor-induced NF-kB activation and play critical roles in anti-fungal innate immune responses (Gorjestani et al. 2012).