Reactome | BCO2:Fe2+ cleaves betaC to APO10al and bION

BCO2:Fe2+ cleaves betaC to APO10al and bION

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-5164399

Type

Reaction [transition]

Species

Homo sapiens

Compartment

mitochondrial matrix

ReviewStatus

5/5

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BCO2:Fe2+ cleaves betaC to APO10al and bION

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Beta,beta-carotene 9',10'-oxygenase (BCO2) is able to eccentrically cleave carotenoids to produce long chain (>C20) apocarotenoids (Amengual et al. 2011). This is in contrast to the other provitamin A-converting enzyme, BCMO1 which is able to symmetrically cleave carotenoids to produce apocarotenoids of C20 length, such as all-trans-retinal (atRAL). BCMO1 is the main enzyme involved in retinoid homeostasis and resides in the cytosol whereas BCO2 resides in the mitchondrion, has broad substrate activity and is proposed to provide an alternative, minor route for retinoid production. How apocarotenoids produced by BCO2 cleavage are utilised is the subject of further investigation (Amengual et al. 2013). Being in the mitochondrion, BCO2 is able to degrade carotenoids which, if otherwise allowed to accumulate, are implicated in oxidative damage to the cell (Amengual et al. 2011). In this example, beta-carotene (betaC) is cleaved by BCO2 to produce beta-apo-10'-carotenal (APO10al) and beta-ionone (bION) in an enterocyte cell. Carotenoids, such as betaC, can also be metabolised in many other cell types including hepatocytes and stellate cells of the liver.

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
24106281	Two carotenoid-oxygenases contribute to mammalian pro-vitamin A metabolism Hessel, S, Golczak, M, Amengual, J, von Lintig, J, Widjaja-Adhi, MA, Palczewski, K, Rodriguez-Santiago, S	J. Biol. Chem.	2013
21106934	A mitochondrial enzyme degrades carotenoids and protects against oxidative stress Wyss, A, Lobo, GP, Golczak, M, Amengual, J, von Lintig, J, Li, HN, Palczewski, K, Hoppel, CL, Klimova, T	FASEB J.	2011

Participants

Input

Output

Participates

as an event of

Retinoid metabolism and transport (Homo sapiens)

Catalyst Activity

oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen of BCO2:Fe2+ [mitochondrial matrix]

Physical Entity

BCO2:Fe2+ [mitochondrial matrix] (Homo sapiens)

Activity

oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen (GO:0016702)

Orthologous Events

BCO2:Fe2+ cleaves betaC to APO10al and bION (Bos taurus)

BCO2:Fe2+ cleaves betaC to APO10al and bION (Caenorhabditis elegans)

BCO2:Fe2+ cleaves betaC to APO10al and bION (Canis familiaris)

BCO2:Fe2+ cleaves betaC to APO10al and bION (Danio rerio)

BCO2:Fe2+ cleaves betaC to APO10al and bION (Drosophila melanogaster)

BCO2:Fe2+ cleaves betaC to APO10al and bION (Gallus gallus)

BCO2:Fe2+ cleaves betaC to APO10al and bION (Mus musculus)