Defective DHDDS does not elongate E,E-FPP

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-4755545
Type
Reaction [transition]
Species
Homo sapiens
Compartment
endoplasmic reticulum membrane, cytosol
ReviewStatus
5/5
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Defective DHDDS does not elongate E,E-FPP
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The ER membrane-associated enzyme dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase (DHDDS) (Endo et al. 2003) normally mediates the sequential head-to-tail cis addition of multiple isopentyl pyrophosphate (IPP) molecules to farnesyl pyrophosphate (E,E-FPP) to produce polyprenol pyrophosphate (pPPP) (Shridas et al. 2003). Dolichol in humans contain homologues ranging from 17-23 isoprene units, the most common homologues contain 19 or 20 isoprene units (Freeman et al. 1980). Dolichol is an important substrate in the N-glycosylation of proteins, including rhodopsin.

Defects in DHDDS cause retinitis pigmentosa 59 (RP59; MIM:613861), a pigment retinopathy, characterised by retinal pigment deposits (visible on fundus examination) and primary loss of rod photoreceptors followed by secondary loss of cone photoreceptors. Sufferers typically have night vision blindness and loss of mid to peripheral vision. As the condition progresses, they lose far peripheral vision and eventually central vision (Zuchner et al. 2011). The founder missense mutation K42E in Ashkenazi Jewish ethnicity can cause RP59. The Lys42 residue is highly conserved across different species and is positioned close to the catalytic centre of DHDDS and to its substrate binding site for E,E-FPP (Zuchner et al. 2011, Zelinger et al. 2011).
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
7374371 Analysis of dolichol in human tissues by high pressure liquid chromatography

Freeman, DJ, Rupar, CA, Carroll, KK

Lipids 1980
21295282 A missense mutation in DHDDS, encoding dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase, is associated with autosomal-recessive retinitis pigmentosa in Ashkenazi Jews

Zelinger, L, Banin, E, Obolensky, A, Mizrahi-Meissonnier, L, Beryozkin, A, Bandah-Rozenfeld, D, Frenkel, S, Ben-Yosef, T, Merin, S, Schwartz, SB, Cideciyan, AV, Jacobson, SG, Sharon, D

Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2011
21295283 Whole-exome sequencing links a variant in DHDDS to retinitis pigmentosa

Züchner, S, Dallman, J, Wen, R, Beecham, G, Naj, A, Farooq, A, Kohli, MA, Whitehead, PL, Hulme, W, Konidari, I, Edwards, YJ, Cai, G, Peter, I, Seo, D, Buxbaum, JD, Haines, JL, Blanton, S, Young, J, Alfonso, E, Vance, JM, Lam, BL, Pericak-Vance, MA

Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2011
14652022 Identification and characterization of a cDNA encoding a long-chain cis-isoprenyltranferase involved in dolichyl monophosphate biosynthesis in the ER of brain cells

Shridas, P, Rush, JS, Waechter, CJ

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2003
12591616 Identification of human dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase gene

Endo, S, Zhang, YW, Takahashi, S, Koyama, T

Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2003
Participants
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Catalyst Activity

transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups of DHDDS K42E:NUS1 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane]

Physical Entity
DHDDS K42E:NUS1 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] (Homo sapiens)
Activity
transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups (GO:0016765)
Normal reaction
DHDDS:NUS1 elongates E,E-FPP with (n)IPPP to form pPPP (Homo sapiens)
Functional status

Loss of function of DHDDS K42E:NUS1 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane]

Normal Entity
Disease Entity
Status
Disease
Name Identifier Synonyms
retinitis pigmentosa DOID:10584 RP, Retinitis pigmentosa (disorder), retinitis pigmentosa-1, Retinitis pigmentosa, Retinitis pigmentosa
Cross References
Mondo
Authored
Jassal, B  (2013-10-25)
Reviewed
Spillmann, D  (2015-04-30)
Created
Jassal, B  (2013-10-25)
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