Interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1, ST2), known for many years to be an orphan receptor within the IL1 receptor family, can bind Interleukin-33 (IL33) (Schmitz et al. 2005). The functional IL33 receptor is a heteromeric receptor complex consisting of IL1RL1 and Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP1) (Chackerian et al. 2007, Lingel et al. 2009). IL33 is found constitutively in the nucleus of endothelial cells where it can bind histone H2A-H2B (Roussel et al. 2008) leading to poorly understood intracrine gene regulatory functions (Carriere et al. 2007, Martin et al. 2013). It can be passively released from damaged cells, hence it has been termed an alarmin or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), though IL33 is also released by undamaged cells (Lefrancais & Cayrol 2012).
Li, X, Gorman, DM, Owyang, A, Murphy, E, Schmitz, J, Qin, J, Kastelein, RA, Zurawski, G, Moshrefi, M, Bazan, JF, Song, Y, Oldham, E, McClanahan, TK
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