Reactome | Post-transcriptional silencing by small RNAs

Post-transcriptional silencing by small RNAs

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-426496

Type

Pathway

Species

Homo sapiens

Compartment

cytosol

ReviewStatus

5/5

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Post-transcriptional silencing by small RNAs

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Small RNAs act with components of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to post-transcriptionally repress expression of mRNAs (reviewed in Nowotny and Yang 2009, Chua et al. 2009). Two mechanisms exist: 1) cleavage of target RNAs by complexes containing Argonaute2 (AGO2, EIF2C2) and a guide RNA that exactly matches the target mRNA and 2) inhibition of translation of target RNAs by complexes containing AGO2 and an inexactly matching guide RNA or by complexes containing a nonendonucleolytic Argonaute (AGO1 (EIF2C1), AGO3 (EIF2C3), or AGO4 (EIF2C4)) and a guide RNA of exact or inexact match. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) can serve as guide RNAs in both types of mechanism.
RNAi also appears to direct chromatin modifications that cause transcriptional gene silencing (reviewed in Verdel et al. 2009).

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
17197185	Repression of protein synthesis by miRNAs: how many mechanisms? Filipowicz, W, Pillai, RS, Bhattacharyya, SN	Trends Cell Biol	2007
16510870	Control of translation and mRNA degradation by miRNAs and siRNAs Liu, J, Hannon, GJ, Parker, R, Valencia-Sanchez, MA	Genes Dev	2006
18692607	RISC-target interaction: cleavage and translational suppression van den Berg, A, Mols, J, Han, J	Biochim Biophys Acta	2008
26077373	Towards a molecular understanding of microRNA-mediated gene silencing Izaurralde, E, Jonas, S	Nat. Rev. Genet.	2015
17560368	Argonaute proteins: mediators of RNA silencing Peters, L, Meister, G	Mol Cell	2007
12154197	A microRNA in a multiple-turnover RNAi enzyme complex Hutvagner, G, Zamore, PD	Science	2002
15284456	Argonaute2 is the catalytic engine of mammalian RNAi Hammond, SM, Marsden, CG, Liu, J, Carmell, MA, Hannon, GJ, Song, JJ, Thomson, JM, Rivas, FV, Joshua-Tor, L	Science	2004
17632058	Molecular basis for target RNA recognition and cleavage by human RISC Schroeder, R, Ameres, SL, Martinez, J	Cell	2007
19477631	Structural and functional modules in RNA interference Nowotny, M, Yang, W	Curr Opin Struct Biol	2009
15260970	Human Argonaute2 mediates RNA cleavage targeted by miRNAs and siRNAs Teng, G, Landthaler, M, Tuschl, T, Patkaniowska, A, Dorsett, Y, Meister, G	Mol Cell	2004
19239886	Origins and Mechanisms of miRNAs and siRNAs Carthew, RW, Sontheimer, EJ	Cell	2009
19330724	MicroRNAs: biogenesis, function and applications Chua, JH, Jeyaseelan, K, Armugam, A	Curr Opin Mol Ther	2009
17128271	Evidence that microRNAs are associated with translating messenger RNAs in human cells Nilsen, TW, Fisher, J, Maroney, PA, Yu, Y	Nat Struct Mol Biol	2006
19174539	Essential and overlapping functions for mammalian Argonautes in microRNA silencing Su, H, Trombly, MI, Chen, J, Wang, X	Genes Dev	2009
19412884	Common themes in siRNA-mediated epigenetic silencing pathways Verdel, A, Vavasseur, A, Touat-Todeschini, L, Le Gorrec, M	Int J Dev Biol	2009