Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are 21-25 nucleotide single-stranded RNAs produced by cleavage of longer double-stranded RNAs by the enzyme DICER1 within the RISC loading complex containing DICER1, an Argonaute protein, and either TARBP2 or PRKRA (PACT). Typically the long double-stranded substrates originate from viruses or repetitive elements in the genome and the two strands of the substrate are exactly complementary.After cleavage by DICER1 the 21-25 nucleotide double-stranded product is loaded into an Argonuate protein (humans contain 4 Argonautes) and rendered single-stranded by a mechanism that is not well characterized.siRNA-loaded AGO2 is predominantly located at the cytosolic face of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and has also been observed in the nucleus.
Chu, Y, Janowski, BA, Gagnon, KT, Li, L, Corey, DR
Hean, J, Aeschimann, F, Basselet, P, Stalder, L, Hintersteiner, M, Heusermann, W, Meisner-Kober, NC, Wirz, J, Morrissey, DV, Sokol, L, Pfanzagl, V, Trojer, D, Fritzsche, A, Weiler, J
Tomari, Y, Zamore, PD
Carthew, RW, Sontheimer, EJ
Han, J, Kim, VN, Siomi, MC
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