Reactome | Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)

Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-400511

Type

Pathway

Species

Homo sapiens

Compartment

nucleoplasm, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum membrane, endoplasmic reticulum lumen, secretory granule lumen, plasma membrane, extracellular region

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Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)

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In K cells of the intestine the transcription factors PAX6 and PDX-1 activate transcription of the gene encoding Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP, first called Gastric Inhibitory Peptide). ProGIP is cleaved in secretory granules by Prohormone Convertase 1 (PC1) at 2 sites to yield mature GIP. In response to fat the GIP is secreted into the bloodstream. The half-life of GIP in the bloodstream is determined by Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV, which cleaves 2 amino acids at the amino terminus of GIP, rendering it biologically inactive.

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
19074620	The role of incretins in glucose homeostasis and diabetes treatment Kim, W, Egan, JM	Pharmacol Rev	2008
17263764	Incretins and other peptides in the treatment of diabetes Todd, JF, Bloom, SR	Diabet Med	2007
17498508	Biology of incretins: GLP-1 and GIP Drucker, DJ, Baggio, LL	Gastroenterology	2007