Apelin (Tatemoto K et al, 1998) is an endogenous ligand for the apelin (APJ) receptor (O'Dowd BF et al, 1993) and is widely expressed in the human body including the heart and brain. Apelin is one of the most potent stimulators of cardiac contractility and mediates blood pressure and blood flow. Several active peptides can be produced by proteolytic processing of the peptide precursor (apelin-36, 31, 28 and 13). APJ is related to the angiotensin receptor (40-50% identity) and couples to G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity. It is an alternative coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 infection. Binding of apelin to its receptor inhibits HIV-1 entry in cells coexpressing CD4 and APJ.
Zou, MX, Kakegawa, T, Kitada, C, Kawamata, Y, Habata, Y, Onda, H, Tatemoto, K, Hinuma, S, Fujino, M, Fujii, R, Hosoya, M, Kurokawa, T, Fukusumi, S
Nguyen, T, George, SR, Kennedy, JL, Chan, A, Shi, X, O'Dowd, BF, Heng, HH, Petronis, A, Tsui, LC, Heiber, M
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