Reactome | PRC2 methylates histones and DNA

PRC2 methylates histones and DNA

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-212300

DOI

10.3180/REACT_200808.1

Type

Pathway

Species

Homo sapiens

Compartment

nucleoplasm

Synonyms

Methylation of Histones and DNA by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2)

ReviewStatus

5/5

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Polycomb group proteins are responsible for the heritable repression of genes during development (Lee et al. 2006, Ku et al. 2008, reviewed in Simon and Kingston 2009, Margueron and Reinberg 2011, Di Croce and Helin 2013). Two major families of Polycomb complexes exist: Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). PRC1 and PRC2 each appear to comprise sets of distinct complexes that contain common core subunits and distinct accessory subunits (reviewed in Nayak et al. 2011). PRC2, through its component EZH2 or, in some complexes, EZH1 produces the initial molecular mark of repression, the trimethylation of lysine-27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3). How PRC2 is initially recruited to a locus remains unknown, however cytosine-guanine (CpG) motifs and transcripts have been suggested. Different mechanisms may be used at different loci. The trimethylated H3K27 produced by PRC2 is bound by the Polycomb subunit of PRC1. PRC1 ubiquitinates histone H2A and maintains repression.

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
24096405	Transcriptional regulation by Polycomb group proteins Helin, K, Di Croce, L	Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol.	2013
23473600	Occupying chromatin: Polycomb mechanisms for getting to genomic targets, stopping transcriptional traffic, and staying put Simon, JA, Kingston, RE	Mol. Cell	2013
21941108	Composition, recruitment and regulation of the PRC2 complex Min, J, Nayak, V, Xu, C	Nucleus	2011
19738629	Mechanisms of polycomb gene silencing: knowns and unknowns Simon, JA, Kingston, RE	Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol	2009
21248841	The Polycomb complex PRC2 and its mark in life Reinberg, D, Margueron, R	Nature	2011
18974828	Genomewide analysis of PRC1 and PRC2 occupancy identifies two classes of bivalent domains Adli, M, Ku, M, Xie, X, Rheinbay, E, Kasif, S, Ptaszek, LM, Koseki, H, Presser, A, Cowan, CA, Chi, AS, Nusbaum, C, Bernstein, BE, Lander, ES, Mendenhall, EM, Endoh, M, Koche, RP, Mikkelsen, TS	PLoS Genet.	2008