Gamma-linolenoyl-CoA (6,9,12-20:3(n-6)) is rapidly elongated to dihomo-gamma-linolenoyl-CoA (DGL-CoA; 8,11,14-20:3(n-6)) by the action of C18-PUFA-specific elongase 5 (ELOVL5). Two carbon atoms are added during this reaction. DGL-CoA later undergoes desaturation to form arachidonic acid (AA, 5,8,11,14-20:4(n-6)). Depending on the cell type, DGL-CoA can also be metabolized by cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases to produce anti-inflammatory eicosanoids (prostaglandins of series 1 (PGE1) and 15-hydroxyeico- satrienoic acid (15-HETrE)). GLA and these two oxidative metabolites exert clinical effects in a variety of diseases, including suppression of chronic inflammation, vasodilation and lowering of blood pressure, inhibition of platelet aggregation and thrombosis. (Fan et al. 2001, Fan & Chapkin 1998, Kapoor & Huang. 2006)
Fan, YY, Chapkin, RS
Chilton, FH, Fonteh, AN, Swan, DD, Surette, ME, Chilton-Lopez, T, Johnson, MM
Huang, YS, Bobik, EG, Parker-Barnes, JM, Dorado, J, Chuang, LT, Das, T, Kroeger, PE, Mukerji, P, Leonard, AE, Thurmond, JM
fatty acid elongase activity of ELOVL1,2,3,5 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane]
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