Connexin-interacting proteins appear to function in regulating gap junction formation and communication. TJP1 (ZO-1) has been shown to alter the membrane localization of Cx43 and plays a role in regulating Cx43-mediated gap junctional communication in osteoblastic cells (Laing et al. 2005). TJP1 (ZO-1) may function in the delivery of Cx43 from a lipid raft domain to gap junctional plaques, which may be an important regulatory step in gap junction formation.
SARS-CoV-2 infection targets PDZ-containing TJP1 that is recognized by the viral E protein causing barrier dysfunction (Shepley-McTaggart A et al. 2021).
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