Phosphorylation of Shc adapter proteins, and the concomitant recruitment of GRB2/SOS, results in the RAS-dependent, transient activation of ERKs, which is correlated with mitogenic and proliferative cell signalling. Prolonged activation of ERKs is instead regulated by a parallel pathway, involving CRK/C3G-dependent activation of the RAS-like GTPase RAP-1, and takes place in early endosomes.
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