Studies of carnitine (CAR) export from intact rat liver indicate that this process is mediated by a specific, saturable transporter molecule (Sandor et al. 1985). The transporter that mediates this process in human tissues has not been identified, but its properties are distinct from those of SLC22A5 / OCTN2, the major transport protein responsible for carnitine uptake (Tamai et al. 1998; Wu et al. 1999). Indeed, as noted by Vaz & Wanders (2002), export of carnitine and its metabolites is probably mediated by another transport system, or possibly by passive diffusion.
Rajan, DP, Chen, J, Leibach, FH, Ganapathy, V, Conway, SJ, Seth, P, Huang, W, Prasad, PD, Wu, X
Oku, A, Shimane, M, Nezu, J, Tamai, I, Yabuuchi, H, Tsuji, A, Sai, Y, Ohashi, R
Alkonyi, I, Kispal, G, Sandor, A, Melegh, B
Vaz, FM, Wanders, RJA
carnitine transmembrane transporter activity of carnitine exporter [plasma membrane]
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