Laminin-332 degradation by laminin-322 degrading extracellular proteinases

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-1566979
Type
Reaction [transition]
Species
Homo sapiens
Compartment
ReviewStatus
5/5
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Laminins are an important molecular component of the basement membranes (BMs) in a variety of tissue types. They have a cruciform shape, and are composed of three chains, alpha, beta and gamma., all of which have multiple subtypes. At the ultrastructural level, each laminin trimer appears as a cross-like structure with a large globular domain (LG domain) at the base of the cross. The LG domain is the C-terminal domain of the alpha subunit; it is divided into five homologous subdomains LG1-5 (Sugawara et al. 2008). Keratinocytes of the skin secrete numerous laminin isoforms, including laminin-511 and laminin-332. Laminin-332 undergoes extensive proteolysis following secretion, which is essential for laminin-332 integration into the BM (Rousselle & Beck 2013). The 200 kDa alpha-3 subunit of laminin-332 is cleaved between the LG3-LG4 subdomains to generate a 165 kDa product. The 160 kDa gamma-2 subunit is cleaved at its N-terminus to produce a 105 kDa protein (Marinkovich et al. 1992). Tissue remodeling may lead to further proteolysis of the 105 kDa subunit within the N-terminus giving rise to a 80 kDa protein (Gianelli et al. 1997, Koshikawa et al. 2005). The resulting N-terminal fragment has EGF-like properties and may activate the EGF receptor, inducing cell migration (Schenk et al. 2003). In much of the early literature it is not clear which subunit of the laminin trimer was cleaved, but in vitro studies have revealed specific enzymes involved in the processing of laminin-332 including MMP2, MMP14 (MT1-MMP), and the C-proteinase family of enzymes, especially bone morphogenic protein 1 (BMP1) and mammalian tolloid (mTLD), isoforms 1 and 3 respectively of UniProt P13497 BMP1 (Sugawara et al. 2008, Rousselle & Beck 2013). Many proteases have been demonstrated to degrade specific subunits of laminin-332. The beta-3 chain is degraded by matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14, MT1-MMP, Udayakumar et al. 2003) and MMP7 (Remy et al. 2006). The alpha-3 chain is degraded by plasmin (Goldfinger et al. 1998, 1999) and BMP1 (and its isoform mTLD, Veitch et al. 2003). Laminin gamma-2 chain is degraded by MMP14 (Koshikawa et al. 2000, 2005, Pirilä et al. 2003) , MMP2 (Gianelli et al. 1997, Pirilä et al. 2003), MMP3, 12, 13 (Pirilä et al. 2003), 19 (Sadowski et al. 2005), MMP20 (Väänänen et al. 2001, Pirilä et al. 2003), BMP1 (Amano et al. 2000, Kessler et al. 2001) and mTLD (Veitch et al. 2003). Plasmin cleavage of laminin-111 yields fragments with sizes that correspond to the cleavage of the alpha and beta/gamma components (Gutiérrez-Fernández et al. 2009). In this reaction laminin-322 is represented with all 3 component peptides cleaved.
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Participates
Catalyst Activity

serine-type endopeptidase activity of Laminin-332 degrading extracellular proteinases [extracellular region]

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