TLR15 cascade

Stable Identifier
R-GGA-451529
Type
Pathway
Species
Gallus gallus
Related Species
Salmonella typhimurium
ReviewStatus
5/5
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Bioinformatics analysis of the chicken genome revealed a pathogen recognition receptor - TLR15, whose ortholog is absent in mammals [Higgs R et al 2006]. TLR15 orthologs were also found in other avian genomes - turkey, duck and zebra finch [Boyd AC et al 2012].

Chicken tlr15 gene was mapped on chromosome 3 and encodes a protein that like other TLRs consists of a cytoplasmic Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) region, a transmembrane domain, and an extracellular domain with multiple leucine-rich regions (LRR) [Higgs et al 2006]. However, phylogenetic analysis revealed that TLR15 does not belong to any of the TLR groups identified to date [Temperley ND et al 2008; Boyd AC et al 2012].

TLR15 mRNA was detected in a broad range of chicken tissues: spleen, thymus, ileum, colon, bursa, bone marrow, liver and cecum [Boyd AC et al 2012; Higgs R et al 2006].

Modeling of the TLR15 TIR domain revealed the presence of a conserved BB-loop structure including a conserved proline residue, known to be required for MyD88-dependent signaling in mammalian TLR family members [deZoete MR et al 2011]. This Reactome project describes TLR15-mediated induction of MyD88 pathway in chicken, however the mechanism of TLR15-mediated responses remains unclear.

Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
16495540 Induction of a novel chicken Toll-like receptor following Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection

Cahalane, S, Babiuk, LA, Lloyd, AT, Lynn, DJ, Allan, B, Cormican, P, James, T, O'Farrelly, C, Meade, K, Higgs, R

Infect Immun 2006
20303182 Expression of the avian-specific toll-like receptor 15 in chicken heterophils is mediated by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, but not TLR agonists

Kogut, MH, Genovese, K, He, H, Nerren, JR

Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010
18241342 Evolution of the chicken Toll-like receptor gene family: a story of gene gain and gene loss

Burt, DW, Berlin, S, Temperley, ND, Griffin, DK, Paton, IR

BMC Genomics 2008
23066147 TLR15 Is Unique to Avian and Reptilian Lineages and Recognizes a Yeast-Derived Agonist

Hammond, JA, Boyd, AC, Peroval, MY, Young, JR, Smith, AL, Prickett, MD

J. Immunol. 2012
21383168 Cleavage and activation of a Toll-like receptor by microbial proteases

de Zoete, MR, Keestra, AM, Bouwman, LI, van Putten, JP

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2011
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