Reactome | Butyrophilin (BTN) family interactions

Butyrophilin (BTN) family interactions

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-8851680

DOI

10.3180/R-HSA-8851680.2

Type

Pathway

Species

Homo sapiens

ReviewStatus

5/5

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Butyrophilins (BTNs) and butyrophilin like (BTNL) molecules are regulators of immune responses that belong to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily of transmembrane proteins. They are structurally related to the B7 family of co-stimulatory molecules and have similar immunomodulatory functions (Afrache et al. 2012, Arnett & Viney 2014). BTNs are implicated in T cell development, activation and inhibition, as well as in the modulation of the interactions of T cells with antigen presenting cells and epithelial cells. Certain BTNsare genetically associated with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (Abeler Domer et al. 2014).
The human butyrophilin family includes seven members that are subdivided into three subfamilies: BTN1, BTN2 and BTN3. The BTN1 subfamily contains only the prototypic single copy BTN1A1 gene, whereas the BTN2 and BTN3 subfamilies each contain three genes BTN2A1, BTN2A2 and BTN2A3, and BTN3A1, BTN3A2 and BTN3A3, respectively (note that BTN2A3 is a pseudogene). BTN1A1 has a crucial function in the secretion of lipids into milk (Ogg et al. 2004) and collectively, BTN2 and BTN3 proteins are cell surface transmembrane glycoproteins, that act as regulators of immune responses. BTNL proteins share considerable homology to the BTN family members. The human genome contains four BTNL genes: BTNL2, 3, 8 and 9 (Abeler Domer et al. 2014).

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
26772212	Regulation of Immunity by Butyrophilins Reith, W, Rhodes, DA, Trowsdale, J	Annu. Rev. Immunol.	2016
22030238	Butyrophilins: an emerging family of immune regulators Williams, G, Hayday, AC, Swamy, M, Abeler-Dörner, L, Bas, A	Trends Immunol.	2012
15226505	Expression of butyrophilin (Btn1a1) in lactating mammary gland is essential for the regulated secretion of milk-lipid droplets Mather, IH, Weldon, AK, Ogg, SL, Dobbie, L, Smith, AJ	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2004
23000944	The butyrophilin (BTN) gene family: from milk fat to the regulation of the immune response Pontarotti, P, Ainouche, S, Gouret, P, Olive, D, Afrache, H	Immunogenetics	2012
25060581	Immune modulation by butyrophilins Viney, JL, Arnett, HA	Nat. Rev. Immunol.	2014