DHODH:FMN oxidises (S)-DHO to orotate

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-73569
Type
Reaction [transition]
Species
Homo sapiens
Compartment
Synonyms
(S)-dihydroorotate + ubiquinone => orotate + ubiquinol, oxidation of (S)-Dihydroorotate to form Orotate
ReviewStatus
5/5
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Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate (orotic acid). The enzyme is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane oriented so that cytosolic dihydroorotate molecules have access to it, and orotate is released into the cytosol. The reducing equivalents generated by the reaction are transferred by ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) to the electron transport chain within the inner mitochondrial membrane. There is no evidence for the involvement of NAD+ as an acceptor of reducing equivalents in this reaction in mammalian cells (Jones 1980). In contrast, the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme isolated from the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium oroticum requires NAD+ as a cofactor but also proceeds strongly in the direction of dihydroorotate synthesis consistent with the greater electronegativity of NAD+ (Lieberman and Kornberg 1953).

Early studies of purified rat liver enzyme by Forman and Kennedy suggested the presence of flavin mononucleotide and iron-sulfur complexes as cofactors. More recent work by Bader, Beuneu, and their colleagues with recombinant human protein expressed in insect cells has confirmed the presence of flavin mononucleotide, at a stoichiometry of one molecule per molecule of apoenzyme but suggests that iron-sulfur complexes, if indeed they are involved in the oxidation and electron transport process, are not an integral part of the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase holoenzyme.

Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
10889450 Indirect inhibition of mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity by nitric oxide.

Beuneu, C, Auger, R, Löffler, M, Lepoivre, M, Guissani, A, Lemaire, G

Free Radic Biol Med 2000
9693067 Expression, purification, and characterization of histidine-tagged rat and human flavoenzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase.

Knecht, W, Fries, M, Bader, B, Löffler, M

Protein Expr Purif 1998
165196 Superoxide production and electron transport in mitochondrial oxidation of dihydroorotic acid.

Forman, JH, Kennedy, J

J Biol Chem 1975
6105839 Pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis in animals: genes, enzymes, and regulation of UMP biosynthesis.

Jones, ME

Annu Rev Biochem 1980
13115431 Enzymic synthesis and breakdown of a pyrimidine, orotic acid. I. Dihydro-orotic dehydrogenase

Kornberg, A, Lieberman, I

Biochim Biophys Acta 1953
Participants
Participates
Catalyst Activity

dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity of DHODH:FMN [mitochondrial inner membrane]

Orthologous Events
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