Reactome | Phosphorylated MAPKs translocate into the nucleus

Phosphorylated MAPKs translocate into the nucleus

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-5674387

Type

Reaction [omitted]

Species

Homo sapiens

Compartment

nucleoplasm

ReviewStatus

5/5

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Phosphorylated MAPKs translocate into the nucleus

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After phosphorylation by MAP2Ks, a proportion of activated MAPK translocates into the nucleus where it activates nuclear targets (reviewed in Roskoski, 2012b). MAPKs, which lack a nuclear localization signal (NLS), may 'piggyback' into the nucleus in complex with other nuclear-targeted proteins or may translocate by virtue of interaction with components of the nuclear pore complex (Brunet et al, 1999; Adachi et al, 1999; Matsubayashi et al, 2001; Whitehurst et al, 2002; Khokhlatchev et al, 1998; reviewed in Roskoski, 2012b). Although dimerization of MAPKs was thought to be critical for nuclear translocation, a number of studies have now challenged the physiological relevance of MAPK dimerization and this remains an area of uncertainty (Lenormand et al, 1993; Chen et al, 1992; Casar et al, 2008; Lidke et al, 2010; Burack and Shaw, 2005; reviewed in Casar et al, 2009; Roskoski, 2012b)

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
9927426	Nuclear translocation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for growth factor-induced gene expression and cell cycle entry Brunet, A, Dowd, S, Pouysségur, J, Keyse, S, Roux, D, Lenormand, P	EMBO J.	1999
19279408	ERK dimers and scaffold proteins: unexpected partners for a forgotten (cytoplasmic) task Crespo, P, Pinto, A, Casar, B	Cell Cycle	2009
19920141	ERK nuclear translocation is dimerization-independent but controlled by the rate of phosphorylation Jovin, TM, Pouysségur, J, Post, JN, Huang, F, Rieger, B, Thomas, JL, Lidke, DS, Lenormand, P, Wilsbacher, J	J. Biol. Chem.	2010
9604935	Phosphorylation of the MAP kinase ERK2 promotes its homodimerization and nuclear translocation Cobb, MH, Atkinson, M, Goldsmith, E, Wilsbacher, J, Robinson, M, Khokhlatchev, AV, Canagarajah, B	Cell	1998
12032311	ERK2 enters the nucleus by a carrier-independent mechanism You, Y, Cobb, MH, Wilsbacher, JL, Moore, MS, Luby-Phelps, K, Whitehurst, AW	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2002
10508167	Two co-existing mechanisms for nuclear import of MAP kinase: passive diffusion of a monomer and active transport of a dimer Fukuda, M, Nishida, E, Adachi, M	EMBO J.	1999
15546878	Live Cell Imaging of ERK and MEK: simple binding equilibrium explains the regulated nucleocytoplasmic distribution of ERK Burack, WR, Shaw, AS	J. Biol. Chem.	2005
18775330	Essential role of ERK dimers in the activation of cytoplasmic but not nuclear substrates by ERK-scaffold complexes Crespo, P, Pinto, A, Casar, B	Mol. Cell	2008
8394845	Growth factors induce nuclear translocation of MAP kinases (p42mapk and p44mapk) but not of their activator MAP kinase kinase (p45mapkk) in fibroblasts Brunet, A, Pouysségur, J, Pagès, G, L'Allemain, G, Sardet, C, Lenormand, P	J. Cell Biol.	1993
11546808	Evidence for existence of a nuclear pore complex-mediated, cytosol-independent pathway of nuclear translocation of ERK MAP kinase in permeabilized cells Matsubayashi, Y, Fukuda, M, Nishida, E	J. Biol. Chem.	2001
1545823	Nuclear localization and regulation of erk- and rsk-encoded protein kinases Sarnecki, C, Blenis, J, Chen, RH	Mol. Cell. Biol.	1992
22569528	ERK1/2 MAP kinases: structure, function, and regulation Roskoski, R Jr	Pharmacol. Res.	2012