Reactome | Intraflagellar transport

Intraflagellar transport

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-5620924

Type

Pathway

Species

Homo sapiens

ReviewStatus

5/5

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Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a motor-based process that controls the anterograde and retrograde transport of large protein complexes, ciliary cargo and structural components along the ciliary axoneme (reviewed in Cole and Snell, 2009). IFT particles contain two multiprotein IFT subcomplexes, IFT A and IFT B, with ~6 and ~15 subunits, respectively. Linear arrays of IFT A and IFT B 'trains' assemble at the ciliary base along with the active plus-end directed kinesin-2 motors and the inactive dynein motors and traffic along the microtubules at a rate of ~2 micrometers per second. At the ciliary tip, the IFT trains disassemble, releasing cargo and motors, and smaller IFT trains are subsequently reassembled for retrograde traffic driven by the now active minus-end directed dynein-2 motors. Retrograde trains travel down the length of the axoneme at a rate of ~3 micrometers per second and are disassembled and recycled for further rounds of transport at the ciliary base (reviewed in Taschner et al, 2012; Bhogaraju et al, 2013; Ishikawa et al, 2011). Mutations in kinesin-2 motors or IFT B complex members tend to abrogate cilium formation, while mutations in dynein-2 motor or in IFT A complex members generally result in short, bulging cilia that abnormally accumulate IFT particles. These observations are consistent with a primary role for IFT B and IFT A complexes in anterograde and retrograde transport, respectively (see for instance, Huangfu et al, 2005; Follit et al, 2006; May et al, 2005; Tran et al, 2008; reviwed in Ishikawa et al, 2011). In addition to the IFT A and B complexes, the IFT particles may also contain the multi-protein BBSome complex, which displays typical IFT-like movement along the ciliary axoneme and which is required for cilium biogenesis and delivery and transport of some ciliary cargo (Blaque et al, 2004; Nachury et al, 2007; Ou et al, 2005; Ou et al, 2007; reviewed in Sung and Leroux, 2013; Bhorgaraju et al, 2013).

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
16775004	The intraflagellar transport protein IFT20 is associated with the Golgi complex and is required for cilia assembly Tuft, RA, Pazour, GJ, Follit, JA, Fogarty, KE	Mol. Biol. Cell	2006
21427764	Ciliogenesis: building the cell's antenna Ishikawa, H, Marshall, WF	Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol.	2011
16061793	Cilia and Hedgehog responsiveness in the mouse Huangfu, D, Anderson, KV	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2005
16049494	Functional coordination of intraflagellar transport motors Snow, JJ, Leroux, MR, Blacque, OE, Ou, G, Scholey, JM	Nature	2005
23945166	Intraflagellar transport complex structure and cargo interactions Bhogaraju, S, Engel, BD, Lorentzen, E	Cilia	2013
17574030	A core complex of BBS proteins cooperates with the GTPase Rab8 to promote ciliary membrane biogenesis Westlake, CJ, Loktev, AV, Zhang, Q, Sheffield, VC, Scheller, RH, Slusarski, DC, Nachury, MV, Jackson, PK, Peränen, J, Bazan, JF, Merdes, A	Cell	2007
16229832	Loss of the retrograde motor for IFT disrupts localization of Smo to cilia and prevents the expression of both activator and repressor functions of Gli Ashique, AM, Peterson, AS, Zarbalis, K, Shen, Y, Wang, B, Ericson, J, Reiter, J, May, SR, Karlen, M	Dev. Biol.	2005
15231740	Loss of C. elegans BBS-7 and BBS-8 protein function results in cilia defects and compromised intraflagellar transport Leroux, MR, McCarthy, J, Plasterk, RH, Quarmby, LM, Reardon, MJ, Mah, AK, Audeh, M, Mahjoub, MR, Badano, JL, Wicks, SR, Ansley, SJ, Davidson, WS, Johnsen, RC, Beales, PL, Katsanis, N, Baillie, DL, Li, C, Blacque, OE	Genes Dev.	2004
18327258	THM1 negatively modulates mouse sonic hedgehog signal transduction and affects retrograde intraflagellar transport in cilia Turbe-Doan, A, Yoder, BK, Scherz, PJ, Haycraft, CJ, Shah, JV, Chesebro, AL, Beier, DR, Stottmann, RW, Tran, PV, Herron, BJ, Qiu, H, Besschetnova, TY	Nat. Genet.	2008
19450523	SnapShot: Intraflagellar transport Snell, WJ, Cole, DG	Cell	2009
24296415	The roles of evolutionarily conserved functional modules in cilia-related trafficking Sung, CH, Leroux, MR	Nat. Cell Biol.	2013
17314406	Sensory ciliogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans: assignment of IFT components into distinct modules based on transport and phenotypic profiles Yoder, BK, Leroux, MR, Schafer, JC, Li, C, Ohshima, Y, Blacque, OE, Ou, G, Murayama, T, Koga, M, Scholey, JM	Mol. Biol. Cell	2007
22118932	Architecture and function of IFT complex proteins in ciliogenesis Bhogaraju, S, Taschner, M, Lorentzen, E	Differentiation	2012