Reactome | RNase H-mediated cleavage of the template strand

RNase H-mediated cleavage of the template strand

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-164528

Type

Reaction [transition]

Species

Homo sapiens

Related Species

Human immunodeficiency virus 1

Compartment

cytosol

ReviewStatus

5/5

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Disease (Homo sapiens)

- Infectious disease (Homo sapiens)
  - Viral Infection Pathways (Homo sapiens)
    - HIV Infection (Homo sapiens)
      - HIV Life Cycle (Homo sapiens)
        
        Early Phase of HIV Life Cycle (Homo sapiens)
        
        Reverse Transcription of HIV RNA (Homo sapiens)
        
        Minus-strand DNA synthesis (Homo sapiens)
        
        RNase H-mediated cleavage of the template strand (Homo sapiens)

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RNase H-mediated cleavage of the template strand

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As the reverse transcriptase activity of the HIV-1 RT heterodimer catalyzes the extension of the minus-strand DNA, the RNaseH activity catalyzes the degradation of the complementary viral genomic RNA sequences. Telesnitsky and Goff (1993) observed that two defective forms of reverse transcriptase can complement to restore retroviral infectivity. The RNase H active site is positioned within the HIV-1 RT heterodimer so as to attack the RNA strand of the RNA:DNA duplex at a point 18 bases behind the site of reverse transcription (Furfine and Reardon 1991; Ghosh et al. 1995; Gopalakrishnan et al. 1992; Wohrl and Moelling 1990). The rate of RNase H cleavage is substantially lower than the rate of DNA synthesis and the level of its activity in vivo is unclear, however (Kati et al. 1992). The product of these combined DNA synthesis and RNA degradation events is a DNA strand still duplexed with extended viral genomic RNA fragments.

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
15542682	Effects of mutations in the G tract of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 polypurine tract on virus replication and RNase H cleavage Sarafianos, SG, Alvord, WG, Julias, JG, Hughes, SH, McWilliams, MJ, Arnold, E	J Virol	2004
10723025	The HIV-1 reverse transcription (RT) process as target for RT inhibitors De Clercq, E, Anne, J, Jonckheere, H	Med Res Rev	2000
7681062	The sequence features important for plus strand priming by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase Pullen, KA, Champoux, JJ, Rattray, AJ	J Biol Chem	1993
	Retroviruses Varmus, HE, Hughes, SH, Coffin, JM		1997