Mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis

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R-HSA-1362409
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Homo sapiens
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Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins are localized in the cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondria of mammalian cells (reviewed in Stemmler et al. 2010, Rouault 2012, Bandyopadhyay et al. 2008, Lill 2009, Lill et al. 2012). Fe-S protein biogenesis in the mitochondrial matrix involves the iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly machinery. Ferrous iron is transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the mitochondrial matrix by Mitoferrin-1 (SLC25A37) and Mitoferrin-2 (SLC25A28). (Mitoferrin-1 is enriched in erythroid cells while Mitoferrin-2 is ubiquitous.) Frataxin binds ferrous iron in the mitochondrial matrix. The cysteine desulfurase NFS1 in a subcomplex with ISD11 provides the sulfur by converting cyteine into alanine and forming a persulfide which is used for cluster formation on ISCU, the scaffold protein. Interaction between NFS1 and ISD11 is necessary for desulfurase activity. Frataxin binds to a complex containing NFS1, ISD11, and ISCU and is proposed to function as an iron donor to ISCU or as an allosteric switch that activates sulfur transfer and Fe-S cluster assembly (Tsai and Barondeau 2010). Cluster formation also involves the electron transfer chain ferredoxin reductase and ferredoxin. ISCU initially forms clusters containing 2 iron atoms and 2 sulfur atoms ([2Fe-2S] clusters). They are released by the function of HSP70-HSC20 chaperones and the monothiol glutaredoxin GLRX5 and used for assembly of [2Fe-2S] proteins. Assembly of larger clusters such as [4Fe-4S] clusters may involve the function of ISCA1, ISCA2, and IBA57. The clusters are transferred to apo-enzymes such as the respiratory complexes, aconitase, and lipoate synthase through dedicated targeting factors such as IND1, NFU1, and BOLA3.
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
23906713 The role of mitochondria in cellular iron-sulfur protein biogenesis: mechanisms, connected processes, and diseases

Lill, R, Stehling, O

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013
22382365 Biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters in mammalian cells: new insights and relevance to human disease

Rouault, TA

Dis Model Mech 2012
20873749 Human frataxin is an allosteric switch that activates the Fe-S cluster biosynthetic complex

Tsai, CL, Barondeau, DP

Biochemistry 2010
22609301 The role of mitochondria in cellular iron-sulfur protein biogenesis and iron metabolism

Webert, H, Pierik, AJ, Lill, R, Hoffmann, B, Stehling, O, Uzarska, MA, Wilbrecht, C, Rietzschel, N, Mühlenhoff, U, Molik, S

Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2012
19675643 Function and biogenesis of iron-sulphur proteins

Lill, R

Nature 2009
20522547 Frataxin and mitochondrial FeS cluster biogenesis

Lesuisse, E, Pain, D, Dancis, A, Stemmler, TL

J Biol Chem 2010
20060739 Iron-sulfur proteins in health and disease

Lill, R, Stehling, O, Sheftel, A

Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 2010
19021507 Iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis

Johnson, MK, Bandyopadhyay, S, Chandramouli, K

Biochem Soc Trans 2008
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