Biological oxidations

• - Phase 1 - Functionalization of compounds
• - Ethanol oxidation
• - acetate + CoA + ATP => acetyl-CoA + AMP + pyrophosphate [cytosolic] [Homo sapiens]
• - Phase II conjugation
• - Acetylation
• - The acetyl group from acetyl-CoA is transferred to the NAT1 [Homo sapiens]
• - The acetyl group from acetyl-CoA is transferred to the NAT2 [Homo sapiens]

Activated AMPK stimulates fatty-acid oxidation in muscle

• - palmitate + CoASH + ATP => palmitoyl-CoA + AMP + pyrophosphate + H2O [ACSL1] [Homo sapiens]
• - Import of palmitoyl-CoA into the mitochondrial matrix
• - palmitoyl-CoA + carnitine => palmitoylcarnitine + CoASH [Homo sapiens]

Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins

• - Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism
• - Triglyceride Biosynthesis
• - glycerol 3-phosphate + acyl-CoA => 1-acylglycerol 3-phosphate + CoASH [mitochondrial membrane-associated] [Homo sapiens]
• - 1-acyl-glycerol 3-phosphate + acyl-CoA => 1,2-diacyl-glycerol 3-phosphate + CoASH [Homo sapiens]
• - Fatty Acyl-CoA Biosynthesis
• - Generation of Cytoplasmic Acetyl CoA from Citrate [Homo sapiens]
• - acetyl-CoA + 7 malonyl-CoA + 14 NADHP + 14 H+ => palmitate + 7 CO2 + 14 NADP+ + 8 CoASH + 6 H2O [Homo sapiens]
• - Synthesis of very long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs
• - palmitate + CoASH + ATP => palmitoyl-CoA + AMP + pyrophosphate + H2O [ACSL1] [Homo sapiens]
• - palmitate + CoASH + ATP => palmitoyl-CoA + AMP + pyrophosphate + H2O [ACSL3] [Homo sapiens]
• - arachidonate + CoASH + ATP => arachidonoyl-CoA + AMP + pyrophosphate + H2O [ACSL4] [Homo sapiens]
• - palmitate + CoASH + ATP => palmitoyl-CoA + AMP + pyrophosphate + H2O [ACSL5] [Homo sapiens]
• - palmitate + CoASH + ATP => palmitoyl-CoA + AMP + pyrophosphate + H2O [ACSL6] [Homo sapiens]
• - palmitoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA => 3-oxooctadecanoyl-CoA (3-oxostearoyl-CoA) + CO2 + CoASH [ELOVL1] [Homo sapiens]
• - palmitoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA => 3-oxooctadecanoyl-CoA (3-oxostearoyl-CoA) + CO2 + CoASH [ELOVL2] [Homo sapiens]
• - palmitoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA => 3-oxooctadecanoyl-CoA (3-oxostearoyl-CoA) + CO2 + CoASH [ELOVL3] [Homo sapiens]
• - lignoceroyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA => 3-oxocerotoyl-CoA + CO2 + CoASH [ELOVL4] [Homo sapiens]
• - arachidonoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA => 3-oxo-(7,10,13,16)-docosatetraenoyl-CoA + CO2 + CoASH [ELOVL5] [Homo sapiens]
• - palmitoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA => 3-oxooctadecanoyl-CoA (3-oxostearoyl-CoA) + CO2 + CoASH [ELOVL6] [Homo sapiens]
• - arachidoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA => 3-oxobehenoyl-CoA + CO2 + CoASH [ELOVL7] [Homo sapiens]
• - 1,2-diacyl-glycerol + acyl-CoA => triacylglycerol + CoASH [DGAT1] [Homo sapiens]
• - glycerol 3-phosphate + acyl-CoA => 1-acylglycerol 3-phosphate + CoASH [ER membrane-associated] [Homo sapiens]
• - 1,2-diacyl-glycerol + acyl-CoA => triacylglycerol + CoASH [DGAT2] [Homo sapiens]
• - Import of palmitoyl-CoA into the mitochondrial matrix
• - palmitoyl-CoA + carnitine => palmitoylcarnitine + CoASH [Homo sapiens]
• - Sphingolipid metabolism
• - palmitoyl-CoA + serine => 3-ketosphinganine + CoASH + CO2 [Homo sapiens]
• - sphinganine + stearyl-CoA => dihydroceramide + CoASH [Homo sapiens]
• - Cholesterol biosynthesis
• - Condensation of acetyl CoA with acetoacetyl CoA to form HMG-CoA [Homo sapiens]
• - Reduction of HMG-CoA produces mevalonate [Homo sapiens]
• - Bile acid and bile salt metabolism
• - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts
• - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol
• - THCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A2 VLCS) [Homo sapiens]
• - DHCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A2 VLCS) [Homo sapiens]
• - THCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A5 BACS) [Homo sapiens]
• - DHCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A5 BACS) [Homo sapiens]
• - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 24-hydroxycholesterol
• - TetraHCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A5 BACS) [Homo sapiens]
• - 3,7,24THCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A5 BACS) [Homo sapiens]
• - TetraHCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A2 VLCS) [Homo sapiens]
• - 3,7,24THCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A2 VLCS) [Homo sapiens]
• - Recycling of bile acids and salts
• - Cytosolic cholate and chenodeoxycholate are conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A5 BACS) [Homo sapiens]
• - Cytosolic chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA or choloyl-CoA are conjugated with glycine or taurine [Homo sapiens]

Metabolism of proteins

• - Post-translational protein modification
• - N-linked glycosylation
• - Biosynthesis of the N-glycan precursor (dolichol lipid-linked oligosaccharide, LLO) and transfer to a nascent protein
• - Synthesis of substrates in N-glycan biosythesis
• - Synthesis of UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine
• - Acetylation of glucosamine 6-phosphate to GlcNAc6P [Homo sapiens]

Hormone biosynthesis

• - Amine-derived hormones
• - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis
• - N-acetylation of serotonin [Homo sapiens]

Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives

• - Metabolism of polyamines
• - Interconversion of polyamines
• - Spermidine => N-acetylated spermidine [Homo sapiens]
• - Spermine => N-acetylated spermine [Homo sapiens]
• - Amine-derived hormones
• - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis
• - N-acetylation of serotonin [Homo sapiens]

Synaptic Transmission

• - Transmission across Chemical Synapses
• - Neurotransmitter Release Cycle
• - Acetylcholine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle
• - Synthesis of o-acetylcholine [Homo sapiens]

Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors

• - Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors
• - Vitamin B5 (pantothenate) metabolism
• - Coenzyme A biosynthesis
• - Phosphorylation of dephospho-CoA to produce CoA [Homo sapiens]
• - CoA transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane [Homo sapiens]
• - Phosphopantetheine conjugation of the ACP domain of FAS [Homo sapiens]