Transmembrane transport of small molecules

• - SLC-mediated transmembrane transport
• - Transport of glucose and other sugars, bile salts and organic acids, metal ions and amine compounds
• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Drosophila melanogaster]

Axon guidance

• - Signaling by Robo receptor
• - Glypican-1 binds Slit2 [Sus scrofa]
• - Robo1 binds Slit2 [Sus scrofa]
• - Ena/VASP binds Robo1:Slit2 complex [Sus scrofa]
• - Role of Abl in Robo-Slit signaling
• - Interaction of Abl with Robo1:Slit2 [Sus scrofa]
• - Recruitment of CAP to Abl [Sus scrofa]
• - Activation of CLASP [Sus scrofa]
• - Phosphorylation of Rob1 by Abl kinase [Sus scrofa]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 and Rac
• - KIAA1688/Vilse binds Robo1:Slit2 [Sus scrofa]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 [Sus scrofa]
• - SrGAP binds Robo1:Slit2 [Sus scrofa]
• - Activation of Rac
• - Nck binds Robo1:Slit2 [Sus scrofa]
• - Recruitment of Sos to plasma membrane [Sus scrofa]

Transmembrane transport of small molecules

• - SLC-mediated transmembrane transport
• - Transport of glucose and other sugars, bile salts and organic acids, metal ions and amine compounds
• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Danio rerio]

Biological oxidations

• - Phase 1 - Functionalization of compounds
• - Ethanol oxidation
• - acetate + CoA + ATP => acetyl-CoA + AMP + pyrophosphate [cytosolic] [Escherichia coli]

Biological oxidations

• - Phase II conjugation
• - Acetylation
• - NAT2 acetylation [Staphylococcus aureus N315] [Escherichia coli] [Mycobacterium tuberculosis]
• - Amino Acid conjugation
• - Conjugation of carboxylic acids
• - Conjugation of phenylacetate with glutamine
• - phenylacetate + Coenzyme A + ATP => phenylacetyl-CoA + AMP + pyrophosphate [Staphylococcus aureus N315]

Transcription

• - RNA Polymerase I, RNA Polymerase III, and Mitochondrial Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Clearance
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape
• - Loss of Rrn3 from RNA Polymerase I promoter escape complex [Dictyostelium discoideum]
• - RNA Polymerase I Chain Elongation
• - Elongation of pre-rRNA transcript [Dictyostelium discoideum]

Bile salt and organic anion SLC transporters

• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Drosophila melanogaster]

Signaling by PDGF

• - PDGF binds to extracellular matrix proteins [Taeniopygia guttata]

Signaling by PDGF

• - PDGF binds to extracellular matrix proteins [Mus musculus]

Signaling by PDGF

• - PDGF binds to extracellular matrix proteins [Danio rerio]

Signaling by GPCR

• - GPCR ligand binding
• - Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
• - Melatonin receptors can bind melatonin [Canis familiaris]
• - GPCR downstream signaling
• - G alpha (i) signalling events
• - Liganded Gi-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gi [Canis familiaris]
• - G alpha (q) signalling events
• - Liganded Gq/11-activating GPCRs act as GEFs for Gq/11 [Canis familiaris]

Transcription

• - RNA Polymerase I, RNA Polymerase III, and Mitochondrial Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Clearance
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape
• - Loss of Rrn3 from RNA Polymerase I promoter escape complex [Oryza sativa]
• - RNA Polymerase I Chain Elongation
• - Elongation of pre-rRNA transcript [Oryza sativa]
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Termination
• - Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex pauses at the TTF-I:Sal Box [Oryza sativa]

Axon guidance

• - Signaling by Robo receptor
• - Glypican-1 binds Slit2 [Homo sapiens]
• - Robo1 binds Slit2 [Homo sapiens]
• - Ena/VASP binds Robo1:Slit2 complex [Homo sapiens]
• - Recruitment of Profilin by Ena/Vasp proteins [Homo sapiens]
• - Activation of Rac
• - Nck binds Robo1:Slit2 [Homo sapiens]
• - Recruitment of PAK to Nck [Homo sapiens]
• - Recruitment of Sos to plasma membrane [Homo sapiens]
• - Activation of Rac by Sos [Homo sapiens]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 and Rac
• - SrGAP binds Robo1:Slit2 [Homo sapiens]
• - Inactivation of Rac1 [Homo sapiens]
• - KIAA1688/Vilse binds Robo1:Slit2 [Homo sapiens]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 [Homo sapiens]
• - Role of Abl in Robo-Slit signaling
• - Interaction of Abl with Robo1:Slit2 [Homo sapiens]
• - Recruitment of CAP to Abl [Homo sapiens]
• - Activation of CLASP [Homo sapiens]
• - Phosphorylation of Rob1 by Abl kinase [Homo sapiens]

Transcription

• - RNA Polymerase I, RNA Polymerase III, and Mitochondrial Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Clearance
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Initiation
• - Recruitment of Active RNA Polymerase I to SL1:phos.UBF-1:rDNA Promoter [Danio rerio]
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape
• - Loss of Rrn3 from RNA Polymerase I promoter escape complex [Danio rerio]
• - RNA Polymerase I Chain Elongation
• - Elongation of pre-rRNA transcript [Danio rerio]
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Termination
• - PTRF Binds the Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex paused at the TTF-I:Sal Box [Danio rerio]

Axon guidance

• - Signaling by Robo receptor
• - Glypican-1 binds Slit2 [Gallus gallus]
• - Robo1 binds Slit2 [Gallus gallus]
• - Ena/VASP binds Robo1:Slit2 complex [Gallus gallus]
• - Role of Abl in Robo-Slit signaling
• - Interaction of Abl with Robo1:Slit2 [Gallus gallus]
• - Recruitment of CAP to Abl [Gallus gallus]
• - Activation of CLASP [Gallus gallus]
• - Phosphorylation of Rob1 by Abl kinase [Gallus gallus]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 and Rac
• - SrGAP binds Robo1:Slit2 [Gallus gallus]
• - Inactivation of Rac1 [Gallus gallus]
• - KIAA1688/Vilse binds Robo1:Slit2 [Gallus gallus]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 [Gallus gallus]
• - Activation of Rac
• - Nck binds Robo1:Slit2 [Gallus gallus]
• - Recruitment of PAK to Nck [Gallus gallus]
• - Recruitment of Sos to plasma membrane [Gallus gallus]
• - Activation of Rac by Sos [Gallus gallus]

Bile salt and organic anion SLC transporters

• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Gallus gallus]

Axon guidance

• - Signaling by Robo receptor
• - Glypican-1 binds Slit2 [Mus musculus]
• - Robo1 binds Slit2 [Mus musculus]
• - Ena/VASP binds Robo1:Slit2 complex [Mus musculus]
• - Recruitment of Profilin by Ena/Vasp proteins [Mus musculus]
• - Role of Abl in Robo-Slit signaling
• - Interaction of Abl with Robo1:Slit2 [Mus musculus]
• - Recruitment of CAP to Abl [Mus musculus]
• - Activation of CLASP [Mus musculus]
• - Phosphorylation of Rob1 by Abl kinase [Mus musculus]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 and Rac
• - SrGAP binds Robo1:Slit2 [Mus musculus]
• - Inactivation of Rac1 [Mus musculus]
• - KIAA1688/Vilse binds Robo1:Slit2 [Mus musculus]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 [Mus musculus]
• - Activation of Rac
• - Nck binds Robo1:Slit2 [Mus musculus]
• - Recruitment of PAK to Nck [Mus musculus]
• - Recruitment of Sos to plasma membrane [Mus musculus]
• - Activation of Rac by Sos [Mus musculus]

Metabolism of proteins

• - Post-translational protein modification
• - Post-translational modification: synthesis of GPI-anchored proteins
• - Synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)
• - N-acetylglucosaminyl-PI + H2O -> glucosaminyl-PI + acetate [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe] [Plasmodium falciparum]
• - N-linked glycosylation
• - Biosynthesis of the N-glycan precursor (dolichol lipid-linked oligosaccharide, LLO) and transfer to a nascent protein
• - Addition of the second N-acetyl-glucosamine to the N-glycan skeleton [Homo sapiens]
• - Addition of the first mannose to the N-glycan precursor skeleton by ALG13/14 [Homo sapiens]
• - Addition of a second mannose to the N-glycan precursor skeleton by ALG2 [Homo sapiens]
• - Synthesis of substrates in N-glycan biosythesis
• - Synthesis of UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine
• - Acetylation of glucosamine 6-phosphate to GlcNAc6P [Homo sapiens]
• - Isomerization of GlcNAc6P to GlcNAc1P [Homo sapiens]
• - GlcNAc1P is dephosphorylated to UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine [Homo sapiens]

Pyruvate metabolism and Citric Acid (TCA) cycle

• - Pyruvate metabolism
• - (S)-Lactate + NAD+ <=> Pyruvate + NADH + H+ [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe] [Plasmodium falciparum]
• - pyruvate + H+ [cytosol] => pyruvate + H+ [mitochondrial matrix] [Homo sapiens]
• - pyruvate + CoASH + NAD+ => acetylCoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe]
• - Pyruvate + NADH + H+ <=> (S)-Lactate + NAD+ [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe] [Plasmodium falciparum]
• - Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle)
• - Acetyl-CoA + H2O + Oxaloacetate => Citrate + CoA [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe] [Plasmodium falciparum]

Transcription

• - RNA Polymerase I, RNA Polymerase III, and Mitochondrial Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Clearance
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Initiation
• - Acetylation of SL1 [Bos taurus]
• - Recruitment of Acetylated SL1 to phosUBF-1:rDNA Promoter [Bos taurus]
• - Recruitment of Active RNA Polymerase I to SL1:phos.UBF-1:rDNA Promoter [Bos taurus]
• - RNA Polymerase I Chain Elongation
• - Elongation of pre-rRNA transcript [Bos taurus]
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Termination
• - Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex pauses at the TTF-I:Sal Box [Bos taurus]
• - PTRF Binds the Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex paused at the TTF-I:Sal Box [Bos taurus]
• - Dissociation of PTRF:Polymerase I/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex:TTF-I:Sal Box [Bos taurus]

DNA Repair

• - DNA Damage Reversal
• - Reversal of Alkylation Damage By DNA Dioxygenases
• - ABH2 mediated Reversal of Alkylation Damage
• - Oxidative demethylation of 1-EtA damaged DNA By ABH2 [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa]
• - ABH3 mediated Reversal of Alkylation Damage
• - Oxidative demethylation of 1-EtA damaged DNA By ABH3 [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio]

Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives

• - Branched-chain amino acid catabolism
• - alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ <=> alpha-methylacetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ [Mycobacterium tuberculosis]
• - Metabolism of polyamines
• - Interconversion of polyamines
• - Spermidine => N-acetylated spermidine [Mycobacterium tuberculosis]
• - Spermine => N-acetylated spermine [Mycobacterium tuberculosis]
• - Amine-derived hormones
• - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis
• - Methylation of N-acetyl-5-HT to form melatonin [Mycobacterium tuberculosis]

Transcription

• - RNA Polymerase I, RNA Polymerase III, and Mitochondrial Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Clearance
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Initiation
• - Recruitment of Active RNA Polymerase I to SL1:phos.UBF-1:rDNA Promoter [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape
• - Loss of Rrn3 from RNA Polymerase I promoter escape complex [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - RNA Polymerase I Chain Elongation
• - Elongation of pre-rRNA transcript [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Termination
• - PTRF Binds the Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex paused at the TTF-I:Sal Box [Xenopus tropicalis]

Transmembrane transport of small molecules

• - SLC-mediated transmembrane transport
• - Transport of inorganic cations/anions and amino acids/oligopeptides
• - Organic anion transporters
• - Na+-dependent monocarboxylate transport by SMCT [Staphylococcus aureus N315]

Transmembrane transport of small molecules

• - SLC-mediated transmembrane transport
• - Transport of glucose and other sugars, bile salts and organic acids, metal ions and amine compounds
• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Rattus norvegicus]

DNA Repair

• - DNA Damage Reversal
• - Reversal of Alkylation Damage By DNA Dioxygenases
• - ABH3 mediated Reversal of Alkylation Damage
• - Oxidative demethylation of 1-EtA damaged DNA By ABH3 [Mycobacterium tuberculosis]

Axon guidance

• - Signaling by Robo receptor
• - Glypican-1 binds Slit2 [Drosophila melanogaster]
• - Robo1 binds Slit2 [Drosophila melanogaster]
• - Role of Abl in Robo-Slit signaling
• - Interaction of Abl with Robo1:Slit2 [Drosophila melanogaster]
• - Phosphorylation of Rob1 by Abl kinase [Drosophila melanogaster]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 and Rac
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 [Drosophila melanogaster]

Signaling by PDGF

• - PDGF binds to extracellular matrix proteins [Caenorhabditis elegans]

Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins

• - Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism
• - Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation
• - mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of saturated fatty acids
• - Beta oxidation of butanoyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA
• - (S)-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>Acetoacetyl-CoA+NADH+H [Escherichia coli]
• - Ketone body metabolism
• - Synthesis of Ketone Bodies
• - Reduction of Acetoacetate to beta-Hydroxybutyrate [Escherichia coli]
• - Utilization of Ketone Bodies
• - D-beta hydroxybutyrate+NAD+ <=> acetoacetate+NADH+H+ [Escherichia coli]
• - acetoacetate+succinyl-CoA <=> acetoacetyl-CoA+succinate [Escherichia coli]
• - Peroxisomal lipid metabolism
• - Beta-oxidation of pristanoyl-CoA
• - acetyl-CoA + H2O => acetate + CoASH [Escherichia coli] [Mycobacterium tuberculosis]
• - Beta-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids
• - acetyl-CoA + H2O => acetate + CoASH [Escherichia coli] [Mycobacterium tuberculosis]

Transmembrane transport of small molecules

• - SLC-mediated transmembrane transport
• - Transport of glucose and other sugars, bile salts and organic acids, metal ions and amine compounds
• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Canis familiaris]

Transcription

• - RNA Polymerase I, RNA Polymerase III, and Mitochondrial Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Clearance
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Initiation
• - Recruitment of Acetylated SL1 to phosUBF-1:rDNA Promoter [Sus scrofa]
• - RNA Polymerase I Chain Elongation
• - Elongation of pre-rRNA transcript [Sus scrofa]
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Termination
• - Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex pauses at the TTF-I:Sal Box [Sus scrofa]
• - PTRF Binds the Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex paused at the TTF-I:Sal Box [Sus scrofa]
• - Dissociation of PTRF:Polymerase I/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex:TTF-I:Sal Box [Sus scrofa]

Bile salt and organic anion SLC transporters

• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Homo sapiens]

Axon guidance

• - Signaling by Robo receptor
• - Glypican-1 binds Slit2 [Canis familiaris]
• - Robo1 binds Slit2 [Canis familiaris]
• - Ena/VASP binds Robo1:Slit2 complex [Canis familiaris]
• - Recruitment of Profilin by Ena/Vasp proteins [Canis familiaris]
• - Role of Abl in Robo-Slit signaling
• - Interaction of Abl with Robo1:Slit2 [Canis familiaris]
• - Recruitment of CAP to Abl [Canis familiaris]
• - Activation of CLASP [Canis familiaris]
• - Phosphorylation of Rob1 by Abl kinase [Canis familiaris]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 and Rac
• - SrGAP binds Robo1:Slit2 [Canis familiaris]
• - Inactivation of Rac1 [Canis familiaris]
• - KIAA1688/Vilse binds Robo1:Slit2 [Canis familiaris]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 [Canis familiaris]
• - Activation of Rac
• - Nck binds Robo1:Slit2 [Canis familiaris]
• - Recruitment of PAK to Nck [Canis familiaris]
• - Recruitment of Sos to plasma membrane [Canis familiaris]
• - Activation of Rac by Sos [Canis familiaris]

Transcription

• - RNA Polymerase I, RNA Polymerase III, and Mitochondrial Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Clearance
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape
• - Loss of Rrn3 from RNA Polymerase I promoter escape complex [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - RNA Polymerase I Chain Elongation
• - Elongation of pre-rRNA transcript [Caenorhabditis elegans]

Axon guidance

• - Signaling by Robo receptor
• - Glypican-1 binds Slit2 [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - Robo1 binds Slit2 [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - Ena/VASP binds Robo1:Slit2 complex [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - Role of Abl in Robo-Slit signaling
• - Interaction of Abl with Robo1:Slit2 [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - Recruitment of CAP to Abl [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - Activation of CLASP [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - Phosphorylation of Rob1 by Abl kinase [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 and Rac
• - SrGAP binds Robo1:Slit2 [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - Inactivation of Rac1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - KIAA1688/Vilse binds Robo1:Slit2 [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - Activation of Rac
• - Nck binds Robo1:Slit2 [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - Recruitment of PAK to Nck [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - Recruitment of Sos to plasma membrane [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - Activation of Rac by Sos [Caenorhabditis elegans]

Transmembrane transport of small molecules

• - SLC-mediated transmembrane transport
• - Transport of glucose and other sugars, bile salts and organic acids, metal ions and amine compounds
• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Sus scrofa]

Transcription

• - RNA Polymerase I, RNA Polymerase III, and Mitochondrial Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Clearance
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Initiation
• - Acetylation of SL1 [Rattus norvegicus]
• - Recruitment of Acetylated SL1 to phosUBF-1:rDNA Promoter [Rattus norvegicus]
• - Recruitment of Active RNA Polymerase I to SL1:phos.UBF-1:rDNA Promoter [Rattus norvegicus]
• - RNA Polymerase I Chain Elongation
• - Elongation of pre-rRNA transcript [Rattus norvegicus]
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Termination
• - Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex pauses at the TTF-I:Sal Box [Rattus norvegicus]
• - PTRF Binds the Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex paused at the TTF-I:Sal Box [Rattus norvegicus]
• - Dissociation of PTRF:Polymerase I/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex:TTF-I:Sal Box [Rattus norvegicus]

Hormone biosynthesis

• - Amine-derived hormones
• - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis
• - Methylation of N-acetyl-5-HT to form melatonin [Mycobacterium tuberculosis]

Signaling by GPCR

• - GPCR ligand binding
• - Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
• - Melatonin receptors can bind melatonin [Homo sapiens]
• - Free fatty acid receptors
• - Receptor FFAR2 binds carboxylates [Homo sapiens]
• - Receptor FFAR3 binds carboxylates [Homo sapiens]
• - GPCR downstream signaling
• - G alpha (i) signalling events
• - Liganded Gi-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric G-protein Gi [Homo sapiens]
• - Liganded Gi-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gi [Homo sapiens]
• - The Ligand:GPCR:Gi complex dissociates [Homo sapiens]
• - G alpha (q) signalling events
• - Liganded Gq-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric Gq [Homo sapiens]
• - Liganded Gq/11-activating GPCRs act as GEFs for Gq/11 [Homo sapiens]
• - The Ligand:GPCR:Gq complex dissociates [Homo sapiens]

Transcription

• - RNA Polymerase I, RNA Polymerase III, and Mitochondrial Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Clearance
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape
• - Loss of Rrn3 from RNA Polymerase I promoter escape complex [Arabidopsis thaliana]
• - RNA Polymerase I Chain Elongation
• - Elongation of pre-rRNA transcript [Arabidopsis thaliana]
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Termination
• - Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex pauses at the TTF-I:Sal Box [Arabidopsis thaliana]

Axon guidance

• - Signaling by Robo receptor
• - Glypican-1 binds Slit2 [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - Robo1 binds Slit2 [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - Ena/VASP binds Robo1:Slit2 complex [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - Role of Abl in Robo-Slit signaling
• - Interaction of Abl with Robo1:Slit2 [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - Recruitment of CAP to Abl [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - Activation of CLASP [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - Phosphorylation of Rob1 by Abl kinase [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 and Rac
• - SrGAP binds Robo1:Slit2 [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - Inactivation of Rac1 [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - KIAA1688/Vilse binds Robo1:Slit2 [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - Activation of Rac
• - Nck binds Robo1:Slit2 [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - Recruitment of PAK to Nck [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - Recruitment of Sos to plasma membrane [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - Activation of Rac by Sos [Taeniopygia guttata]

Axon guidance

• - Signaling by Robo receptor
• - Recruitment of Profilin by Ena/Vasp proteins [Rattus norvegicus]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 and Rac
• - Inactivation of Rac1 [Rattus norvegicus]
• - Activation of Rac
• - Recruitment of PAK to Nck [Rattus norvegicus]
• - Recruitment of Sos to plasma membrane [Rattus norvegicus]
• - Activation of Rac by Sos [Rattus norvegicus]
• - Role of Abl in Robo-Slit signaling
• - Phosphorylation of Rob1 by Abl kinase [Rattus norvegicus]
• - Activation of CLASP [Rattus norvegicus]
• - Recruitment of CAP to Abl [Rattus norvegicus]

Signaling by GPCR

• - GPCR ligand binding
• - Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
• - Melatonin receptors can bind melatonin [Gallus gallus]
• - GPCR downstream signaling
• - G alpha (i) signalling events
• - Liganded Gi-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gi [Gallus gallus]
• - G alpha (q) signalling events
• - Liganded Gq/11-activating GPCRs act as GEFs for Gq/11 [Gallus gallus]

Bile salt and organic anion SLC transporters

• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Rattus norvegicus]

Axon guidance

• - Signaling by Robo receptor
• - Glypican-1 binds Slit2 [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - Robo1 binds Slit2 [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - Ena/VASP binds Robo1:Slit2 complex [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - Recruitment of Profilin by Ena/Vasp proteins [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - Role of Abl in Robo-Slit signaling
• - Interaction of Abl with Robo1:Slit2 [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - Recruitment of CAP to Abl [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - Activation of CLASP [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - Phosphorylation of Rob1 by Abl kinase [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 and Rac
• - SrGAP binds Robo1:Slit2 [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - Inactivation of Rac1 [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - KIAA1688/Vilse binds Robo1:Slit2 [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - Activation of Rac
• - Nck binds Robo1:Slit2 [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - Recruitment of PAK to Nck [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - Recruitment of Sos to plasma membrane [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - Activation of Rac by Sos [Xenopus tropicalis]

Signaling by GPCR

• - GPCR ligand binding
• - Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
• - Melatonin receptors can bind melatonin [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - GPCR downstream signaling
• - G alpha (i) signalling events
• - Liganded Gi-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gi [Taeniopygia guttata]

Biological oxidations

• - Phase 1 - Functionalization of compounds
• - Ethanol oxidation
• - ethanol + NAD+ => acetaldehyde + NADH + H+ [Mycobacterium tuberculosis]
• - Phase II conjugation
• - Acetylation
• - The acetyl group from acetyl-CoA is transferred to the NAT2 [Mycobacterium tuberculosis] [Escherichia coli] [Staphylococcus aureus N315]
• - The acetyl group from acetyl-CoA is transferred to the NAT2 [Mycobacterium tuberculosis] [Escherichia coli] [Staphylococcus aureus N315]

Signaling by GPCR

• - GPCR ligand binding
• - Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
• - Melatonin receptors can bind melatonin [Bos taurus]
• - GPCR downstream signaling
• - G alpha (i) signalling events
• - Liganded Gi-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gi [Bos taurus]
• - G alpha (q) signalling events
• - Liganded Gq/11-activating GPCRs act as GEFs for Gq/11 [Bos taurus]

Metabolism of carbohydrates

• - Glucose metabolism
• - Glycolysis
• - phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP => pyruvate + ATP [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum] [Plasmodium falciparum]
• - Gluconeogenesis
• - Pyruvate + CO2 + ATP => ADP + Orthophosphate + Oxaloacetate [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Rattus norvegicus] [Xenopus tropicalis]

Signaling by PDGF

• - PDGF binds to extracellular matrix proteins [Sus scrofa]

Transmembrane transport of small molecules

• - SLC-mediated transmembrane transport
• - Transport of glucose and other sugars, bile salts and organic acids, metal ions and amine compounds
• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Mus musculus]

Signaling by PDGF

• - PDGF binds to extracellular matrix proteins [Rattus norvegicus]

Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins

• - Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism
• - Ketone body metabolism
• - Synthesis of Ketone Bodies
• - Formation of Acetoacetic Acid
• - acetoacetyl-CoA+acetyl-CoA => HMG-CoA + CoASH [Staphylococcus aureus N315]
• - Peroxisomal lipid metabolism
• - Beta-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids
• - 3-ketohexacosanoyl-CoA + CoASH => tetracosanoyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA [Staphylococcus aureus N315]
• - Cholesterol biosynthesis
• - Condensation of acetyl CoA with acetoacetyl CoA to form HMG-CoA [Staphylococcus aureus N315]

Transmembrane transport of small molecules

• - SLC-mediated transmembrane transport
• - Transport of glucose and other sugars, bile salts and organic acids, metal ions and amine compounds
• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Gallus gallus]

Transmembrane transport of small molecules

• - SLC-mediated transmembrane transport
• - Transport of glucose and other sugars, bile salts and organic acids, metal ions and amine compounds
• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Xenopus tropicalis]

Signaling by PDGF

• - PDGF binds to extracellular matrix proteins [Xenopus tropicalis]

Metabolism of carbohydrates

• - Glucose metabolism
• - Glycolysis
• - phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP => pyruvate + ATP [Staphylococcus aureus N315] [Escherichia coli]

Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives

• - Glyoxylate metabolism
• - glyoxylate + alanine => glycine + pyruvate [Staphylococcus aureus N315]

Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins

• - Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism
• - Triglyceride Biosynthesis
• - Fatty Acyl-CoA Biosynthesis
• - Generation of Cytoplasmic Acetyl CoA from Citrate [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe]
• - acetyl-CoA + bicarbonate + ATP => malonyl-CoA + H2O + ADP + orthophosphate [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Rattus norvegicus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - acetyl-CoA + 7 malonyl-CoA + 14 NADHP + 14 H+ => palmitate + 7 CO2 + 14 NADP+ + 8 CoASH + 6 H2O [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Mus musculus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Dictyostelium discoideum]
• - Import of palmitoyl-CoA into the mitochondrial matrix
• - Formation of Malonyl-CoA from Acetyl-CoA (muscle) [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Rattus norvegicus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation
• - mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of saturated fatty acids
• - Beta oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA to myristoyl-CoA
• - 3-Oxopalmitoyl-CoA+CoA-SH<=>myristoyl-CoA [Homo sapiens] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - Beta oxidation of myristoyl-CoA to lauroyl-CoA
• - 3-Oxotetradecanoyl-CoA+CoA-SH<=>Lauroyl-CoA [Homo sapiens] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - Beta oxidation of lauroyl-CoA to decanoyl-CoA-CoA
• - 3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA+CoA-SH<=>Decanoyl-CoA [Homo sapiens] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - Beta oxidation of decanoyl-CoA to octanoyl-CoA-CoA
• - 3-Oxodecanoyl-CoA+CoA-SH<=>Octanoyl-CoA [Homo sapiens] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - Beta oxidation of octanoyl-CoA to hexanoyl-CoA
• - 3-Oxooctanoyl-CoA+CoA-SH<=>Hexanoyl-CoA [Homo sapiens] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - Beta oxidation of hexanoyl-CoA to butanoyl-CoA
• - 3-Oxohexanoyl-CoA+CoA-SH<=>Butanoyl-CoA [Homo sapiens] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - Beta oxidation of butanoyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA
• - (S)-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>Acetoacetyl-CoA+NADH+H [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids
• - Removal of six carbons from Linoleoyl-CoA to form cis,cis-3,6- Dodecadienoyl-CoA [Homo sapiens] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio]
• - Removal of 2 Carbon atoms from trans,cis-Lauro-2,6-dienoyl-CoA to form 4-cis-decenoyl-CoA [Homo sapiens] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio]
• - Ketone body metabolism
• - Synthesis of Ketone Bodies
• - Formation of Acetoacetic Acid
• - 2 acetyl-CoA <=> acetoacetyl-CoA+CoA [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Dictyostelium discoideum] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe] [Plasmodium falciparum]
• - acetoacetyl-CoA+acetyl-CoA => HMG-CoA + CoASH [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe]
• - HMG CoA => acetoacetic acid+ acetyl CoA [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum]
• - Reduction of Acetoacetate to beta-Hydroxybutyrate [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe]
• - Utilization of Ketone Bodies
• - D-beta hydroxybutyrate+NAD+ <=> acetoacetate+NADH+H+ [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe]
• - acetoacetate+succinyl-CoA <=> acetoacetyl-CoA+succinate [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Dictyostelium discoideum]
• - acetoacetyl-CoA+CoA <=> 2 acetyl-CoA [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Dictyostelium discoideum] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe] [Plasmodium falciparum]
• - Peroxisomal lipid metabolism
• - Beta-oxidation of pristanoyl-CoA
• - 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + 2 O2 + 2 H2O + 2 NAD+ + 2 CoASH => 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoA + 2 H2O2 + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + acetyl-CoA + propionyl-CoA [Homo sapiens]
• - acetyl-CoA + carnitine => acetylcarnitine + CoASH [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae]
• - acetyl-CoA + H2O => acetate + CoASH [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae]
• - Beta-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids
• - 3-ketohexacosanoyl-CoA + CoASH => tetracosanoyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae]
• - acetyl-CoA + carnitine => acetylcarnitine + CoASH [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae]
• - tetracosenoyl-CoA + 8 O2 + 8 H2O + 8 NAD+ + 8 CoASH => octanoyl-CoA + 8 H2O2 + 8 NADH + 8 H+ + 8 acetyl-CoA [Homo sapiens]
• - acetyl-CoA + H2O => acetate + CoASH [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae]
• - Cholesterol biosynthesis
• - Condensation of acetyl CoA with acetoacetyl CoA to form HMG-CoA [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe]
• - Metabolism of steroid hormones and vitamin D
• - Pregnenolone biosynthesis
• - 20alpha,22beta-hydroxycholesterol is cleaved by CYP11A1 to yield pregnenolone and isocaproaldehyde [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster]
• - Pregnenolone translocates from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol [Homo sapiens]
• - Androgen biosynthesis
• - Hydroxylation of pregnenolone to form 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa]
• - Side chain cleavage of 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone to yield DHA [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa]
• - Hydroxylation of progesterone to form 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa]
• - Side chain cleavage of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to form 4-Androstene-3, 17-dione [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa]
• - Mineralocorticoid biosynthesis
• - Pregnenolone is dehydrogenated to form pregn-5-ene-3,20-dione [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster]
• - Pregn-5-ene-3,20-dione isomerizes to progesterone [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster]
• - 21-hydroxylation of progesterone to form 11-deoxycorticosterone [Homo sapiens]
• - Glucocorticoid biosynthesis
• - Pregn-5-ene-3,20-dione-17-ol isomerizes to 17-hydroxyprogesterone [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster]
• - Hydroxylation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone to form 11-deoxycortisol [Homo sapiens]
• - Hydroxylation of pregnenolone to form 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa]

Signaling by GPCR

• - GPCR ligand binding
• - Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
• - Melatonin receptors can bind melatonin [Sus scrofa]
• - GPCR downstream signaling
• - G alpha (i) signalling events
• - Liganded Gi-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gi [Sus scrofa]
• - G alpha (q) signalling events
• - Liganded Gq/11-activating GPCRs act as GEFs for Gq/11 [Sus scrofa]

Hormone biosynthesis

• - Amine-derived hormones
• - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis
• - N-acetylation of serotonin [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio]
• - Methylation of N-acetyl-5-HT to form melatonin [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum]
• - Steroid hormones
• - Pregnenolone biosynthesis
• - 20alpha,22beta-hydroxycholesterol is cleaved by CYP11A1 to yield pregnenolone and isocaproaldehyde [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster]
• - Pregnenolone translocates from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol [Homo sapiens]
• - Androgen biosynthesis
• - Hydroxylation of pregnenolone to form 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa]
• - Side chain cleavage of 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone to yield DHA [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa]
• - Hydroxylation of progesterone to form 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa]
• - Side chain cleavage of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to form 4-Androstene-3, 17-dione [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa]
• - Mineralocorticoid biosynthesis
• - Pregnenolone is dehydrogenated to form pregn-5-ene-3,20-dione [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster]
• - Pregn-5-ene-3,20-dione isomerizes to progesterone [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster]
• - 21-hydroxylation of progesterone to form 11-deoxycorticosterone [Homo sapiens]
• - Glucocorticoid biosynthesis
• - Pregn-5-ene-3,20-dione-17-ol isomerizes to 17-hydroxyprogesterone [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster]
• - Hydroxylation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone to form 11-deoxycortisol [Homo sapiens]
• - Hydroxylation of pregnenolone to form 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa]

Axon guidance

• - Signaling by Robo receptor
• - Glypican-1 binds Slit2 [Bos taurus]
• - Robo1 binds Slit2 [Bos taurus]
• - Ena/VASP binds Robo1:Slit2 complex [Bos taurus]
• - Recruitment of Profilin by Ena/Vasp proteins [Bos taurus]
• - Role of Abl in Robo-Slit signaling
• - Interaction of Abl with Robo1:Slit2 [Bos taurus]
• - Recruitment of CAP to Abl [Bos taurus]
• - Activation of CLASP [Bos taurus]
• - Phosphorylation of Rob1 by Abl kinase [Bos taurus]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 and Rac
• - SrGAP binds Robo1:Slit2 [Bos taurus]
• - Inactivation of Rac1 [Bos taurus]
• - KIAA1688/Vilse binds Robo1:Slit2 [Bos taurus]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 [Bos taurus]
• - Activation of Rac
• - Recruitment of Sos to plasma membrane [Bos taurus]
• - Activation of Rac by Sos [Bos taurus]
• - Nck binds Robo1:Slit2 [Bos taurus]

Signaling by PDGF

• - PDGF binds to extracellular matrix proteins [Drosophila melanogaster]

Transcription

• - RNA Polymerase I, RNA Polymerase III, and Mitochondrial Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Clearance
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Initiation
• - Acetylation of SL1 [Homo sapiens]
• - Recruitment of Acetylated SL1 to phosUBF-1:rDNA Promoter [Homo sapiens]
• - Recruitment of Active RNA Polymerase I to SL1:phos.UBF-1:rDNA Promoter [Homo sapiens]
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape
• - Loss of Rrn3 from RNA Polymerase I promoter escape complex [Homo sapiens]
• - RNA Polymerase I Chain Elongation
• - Elongation of pre-rRNA transcript [Homo sapiens]
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Termination
• - Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex pauses at the TTF-I:Sal Box [Homo sapiens]
• - PTRF Binds the Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex paused at the TTF-I:Sal Box [Homo sapiens]
• - Dissociation of PTRF:Polymerase I/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex:TTF-I:Sal Box [Homo sapiens]

Bile salt and organic anion SLC transporters

• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Mus musculus]

Activated AMPK stimulates fatty-acid oxidation in muscle

• - Formation of Malonyl-CoA from Acetyl-CoA (muscle) [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Rattus norvegicus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - Import of palmitoyl-CoA into the mitochondrial matrix
• - Formation of Malonyl-CoA from Acetyl-CoA (muscle) [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Rattus norvegicus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis]

Bile salt and organic anion SLC transporters

• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Xenopus tropicalis]

Transcription

• - RNA Polymerase I, RNA Polymerase III, and Mitochondrial Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Clearance
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Initiation
• - Acetylation of SL1 [Canis familiaris]
• - Recruitment of Acetylated SL1 to phosUBF-1:rDNA Promoter [Canis familiaris]
• - RNA Polymerase I Chain Elongation
• - Elongation of pre-rRNA transcript [Canis familiaris]
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Termination
• - Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex pauses at the TTF-I:Sal Box [Canis familiaris]
• - PTRF Binds the Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex paused at the TTF-I:Sal Box [Canis familiaris]
• - Dissociation of PTRF:Polymerase I/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex:TTF-I:Sal Box [Canis familiaris]

Transmembrane transport of small molecules

• - SLC-mediated transmembrane transport
• - Transport of inorganic cations/anions and amino acids/oligopeptides
• - Organic anion transporters
• - Na+-dependent monocarboxylate transport by SMCT [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Staphylococcus aureus N315]
• - Transport of glucose and other sugars, bile salts and organic acids, metal ions and amine compounds
• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Homo sapiens]
• - Transport of vitamins, nucleosides, and related molecules
• - AT1 transports acetyl-CoA into the Golgi lumen [Homo sapiens]
• - Transport of nucleotide sugars
• - SLC35A2 mediates the antiport of UDP-Gal and UDP-GalNAc in exchange for UMP [Homo sapiens]
• - SLC35A3 mediates the antiport of UDP-GlcNAc in exchange for UMP [Homo sapiens]
• - SLC35B4 mediates the transport of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine into the Golgi lumen [Homo sapiens]
• - SLC35D2 mediates the antiport of UDP-sugars in exchange for UMP [Homo sapiens]

Amino acid and oligopeptide SLC transporters

• - Organic anion transporters
• - Na+-dependent monocarboxylate transport by SMCT [Staphylococcus aureus N315]

Signaling by GPCR

• - GPCR ligand binding
• - Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
• - Melatonin receptors can bind melatonin [Rattus norvegicus]
• - GPCR downstream signaling
• - G alpha (i) signalling events
• - Liganded Gi-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gi [Rattus norvegicus]
• - G alpha (q) signalling events
• - Liganded Gq/11-activating GPCRs act as GEFs for Gq/11 [Rattus norvegicus]

Axon guidance

• - Signaling by Robo receptor
• - Glypican-1 binds Slit2 [Danio rerio]
• - Robo1 binds Slit2 [Danio rerio]
• - Ena/VASP binds Robo1:Slit2 complex [Danio rerio]
• - Recruitment of Profilin by Ena/Vasp proteins [Danio rerio]
• - Role of Abl in Robo-Slit signaling
• - Interaction of Abl with Robo1:Slit2 [Danio rerio]
• - Recruitment of CAP to Abl [Danio rerio]
• - Activation of CLASP [Danio rerio]
• - Phosphorylation of Rob1 by Abl kinase [Danio rerio]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 and Rac
• - SrGAP binds Robo1:Slit2 [Danio rerio]
• - Inactivation of Rac1 [Danio rerio]
• - KIAA1688/Vilse binds Robo1:Slit2 [Danio rerio]
• - Inactivation of Cdc42 [Danio rerio]
• - Activation of Rac
• - Recruitment of Sos to plasma membrane [Danio rerio]
• - Activation of Rac by Sos [Danio rerio]
• - Nck binds Robo1:Slit2 [Danio rerio]

Transcription

• - RNA Polymerase I, RNA Polymerase III, and Mitochondrial Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Clearance
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Initiation
• - Acetylation of SL1 [Mus musculus]
• - Recruitment of Acetylated SL1 to phosUBF-1:rDNA Promoter [Mus musculus]
• - Recruitment of Active RNA Polymerase I to SL1:phos.UBF-1:rDNA Promoter [Mus musculus]
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape
• - Loss of Rrn3 from RNA Polymerase I promoter escape complex [Mus musculus]
• - RNA Polymerase I Chain Elongation
• - Elongation of pre-rRNA transcript [Mus musculus]
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Termination
• - Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex pauses at the TTF-I:Sal Box [Mus musculus]
• - PTRF Binds the Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex paused at the TTF-I:Sal Box [Mus musculus]
• - Dissociation of PTRF:Polymerase I/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex:TTF-I:Sal Box [Mus musculus]

Signaling by PDGF

• - PDGF binds to extracellular matrix proteins [Canis familiaris]

Transmembrane transport of small molecules

• - SLC-mediated transmembrane transport
• - Transport of glucose and other sugars, bile salts and organic acids, metal ions and amine compounds
• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Bos taurus]

Transcription

• - RNA Polymerase I, RNA Polymerase III, and Mitochondrial Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Clearance
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Initiation
• - Acetylation of SL1 [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - Recruitment of Acetylated SL1 to phosUBF-1:rDNA Promoter [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - Recruitment of Active RNA Polymerase I to SL1:phos.UBF-1:rDNA Promoter [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape
• - Loss of Rrn3 from RNA Polymerase I promoter escape complex [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - RNA Polymerase I Chain Elongation
• - Elongation of pre-rRNA transcript [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Termination
• - Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex pauses at the TTF-I:Sal Box [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - PTRF Binds the Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex paused at the TTF-I:Sal Box [Taeniopygia guttata]
• - Dissociation of PTRF:Polymerase I/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex:TTF-I:Sal Box [Taeniopygia guttata]

Bile salt and organic anion SLC transporters

• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Danio rerio]

Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives

• - Amino acid synthesis and interconversion (transamination)
• - alanine + alpha-ketoglutarate <=> pyruvate + glutamate [GPT] [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe]
• - pyruvate + glutamate <=> alanine + alpha-ketoglutarate [GPT] [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe]
• - alanine + alpha-ketoglutarate <=> pyruvate + glutamate [GPT2] [Homo sapiens]
• - pyruvate + glutamate <=> alanine + alpha-ketoglutarate [GPT2] [Homo sapiens]
• - Branched-chain amino acid catabolism
• - alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ <=> alpha-methylacetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Dictyostelium discoideum]
• - alpha-methyl-acetoacetyl-CoA + CoA => propionyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Dictyostelium discoideum] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe] [Plasmodium falciparum]
• - alpha-methylacetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ <=> alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ [Homo sapiens]
• - Urea cycle
• - glutamate + acetyl CoA => N-acetyl glutamate + CoA [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Dictyostelium discoideum] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe]
• - Metabolism of polyamines
• - Interconversion of polyamines
• - Spermine => N-acetylated spermine [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe]
• - N-acetylated spermine (cytosol)=>N-acetylated spermine (peroxisomal) [Homo sapiens]
• - N-acetylspermine is oxidised to spermidine [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum]
• - Spermidine => N-acetylated spermidine [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe]
• - N-acetylated spermidine (cytosol)=>N-acetylated spermidine (peroxisomal) [Homo sapiens]
• - N-acetylspermidine is oxidized to putrescine [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum]
• - Amine-derived hormones
• - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis
• - N-acetylation of serotonin [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio]
• - Methylation of N-acetyl-5-HT to form melatonin [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum]
• - Glyoxylate metabolism
• - glyoxylate + alanine => glycine + pyruvate [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae]

Signaling by PDGF

• - PDGF binds to extracellular matrix proteins [Homo sapiens]

Signaling by GPCR

• - GPCR ligand binding
• - Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
• - Melatonin receptors can bind melatonin [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - GPCR downstream signaling
• - G alpha (i) signalling events
• - Liganded Gi-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gi [Xenopus tropicalis]

Bile salt and organic anion SLC transporters

• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Bos taurus]

Pyruvate metabolism and Citric Acid (TCA) cycle

• - Pyruvate metabolism
• - Pyruvate + NADH + H+ <=> (S)-Lactate + NAD+ [Staphylococcus aureus N315]
• - (S)-Lactate + NAD+ <=> Pyruvate + NADH + H+ [Staphylococcus aureus N315]
• - Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle)
• - Acetyl-CoA + H2O + Oxaloacetate => Citrate + CoA [Staphylococcus aureus N315]

Signaling by PDGF

• - PDGF binds to extracellular matrix proteins [Bos taurus]

Amino acid and oligopeptide SLC transporters

• - Organic anion transporters
• - Na+-dependent monocarboxylate transport by SMCT [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Staphylococcus aureus N315]

Signaling by PDGF

• - PDGF binds to extracellular matrix proteins [Gallus gallus]

Synaptic Transmission

• - Transmission across Chemical Synapses
• - Neurotransmitter Release Cycle
• - Acetylcholine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle
• - Synthesis of o-acetylcholine [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae]
• - Neurotransmitter Clearance In The Synaptic Cleft
• - Acetylcholine clearance from synaptic cleft [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Mus musculus] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Dictyostelium discoideum]

Transmembrane transport of small molecules

• - SLC-mediated transmembrane transport
• - Transport of glucose and other sugars, bile salts and organic acids, metal ions and amine compounds
• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Taeniopygia guttata]

Bile salt and organic anion SLC transporters

• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Taeniopygia guttata]

Biological oxidations

• - Phase 1 - Functionalization of compounds
• - Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type
• - Endogenous sterols
• - 20alpha,22beta-hydroxycholesterol is cleaved by CYP11A1 to yield pregnenolone and isocaproaldehyde [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster]
• - Hydroxylation of pregnenolone to form 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa]
• - 21-hydroxylation of progesterone to form 11-deoxycorticosterone [Homo sapiens]
• - Xenobiotics
• - CYP2C8 inactivates paclitaxel by 6alpha-hydroxylation [Homo sapiens] [Bos taurus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - CYP2E1 reactions
• - Acetaminophen oxidised to N-acetylbenzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - MEOS oxidizes ethanol to acetaldehyde [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - Amine Oxidase reactions
• - Polyamines are oxidized to amines, aldehydes and H2O2 by PAOs
• - N-acetylspermidine is oxidized to putrescine [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum]
• - N-acetylspermine is oxidised to spermidine [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Dictyostelium discoideum]
• - Ethanol oxidation
• - ethanol + NAD+ => acetaldehyde + NADH + H+ [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio]
• - acetaldehyde + NAD+ => acetate + NADH + H+ [cytosolic] [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe]
• - acetaldehyde [cytosolic] => acetaldehyde [mitochondrial] [Homo sapiens]
• - acetate + CoA + ATP => acetyl-CoA + AMP + pyrophosphate [cytosolic] [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [Oryza sativa] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe]
• - acetaldehyde + NAD+ => acetate + NADH + H+ [mitochondrial] [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans] [Saccharomyces cerevisiae] [Schizosaccharomyces pombe]
• - acetate + CoA + ATP => acetyl-CoA + AMP + pyrophosphate [mitochondrial] [Homo sapiens]
• - Phase II conjugation
• - Glucuronidation
• - Formation of O-glucuronides [Homo sapiens] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio] [Drosophila melanogaster] [Caenorhabditis elegans]
• - Cytosolic sulfonation of small molecules
• - Acetaminophen can form an O- sulfate conjugate [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Mus musculus] [Xenopus tropicalis]
• - pregnenolone + PAPS => pregnenolone sulfate + PAP [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Xenopus tropicalis] [Danio rerio]
• - Acetylation
• - The acetyl group from acetyl-CoA is transferred to the NAT1 [Homo sapiens] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Taeniopygia guttata] [Danio rerio]
• - Amino Acid conjugation
• - Conjugation of carboxylic acids
• - Conjugation of phenylacetate with glutamine
• - phenylacetate + Coenzyme A + ATP => phenylacetyl-CoA + AMP + pyrophosphate [Homo sapiens] [Canis familiaris] [Bos taurus] [Sus scrofa] [Mus musculus] [Rattus norvegicus] [Gallus gallus] [Xenopus tropicalis]

Bile salt and organic anion SLC transporters

• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Canis familiaris]

Pyruvate metabolism and Citric Acid (TCA) cycle

• - Pyruvate metabolism
• - pyruvate + H+ [cytosol] => pyruvate + H+ [mitochondrial matrix] [Rattus norvegicus]

Transcription

• - RNA Polymerase I, RNA Polymerase III, and Mitochondrial Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Clearance
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape
• - Loss of Rrn3 from RNA Polymerase I promoter escape complex [Schizosaccharomyces pombe]
• - RNA Polymerase I Chain Elongation
• - Elongation of pre-rRNA transcript [Schizosaccharomyces pombe]
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription Termination
• - Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex pauses at the TTF-I:Sal Box [Schizosaccharomyces pombe]

Transcription

• - RNA Polymerase I, RNA Polymerase III, and Mitochondrial Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Transcription
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Clearance
• - RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape
• - Loss of Rrn3 from RNA Polymerase I promoter escape complex [Drosophila melanogaster]
• - RNA Polymerase I Chain Elongation
• - Elongation of pre-rRNA transcript [Drosophila melanogaster]

Signaling by GPCR

• - GPCR ligand binding
• - Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
• - Melatonin receptors can bind melatonin [Danio rerio]
• - GPCR downstream signaling
• - G alpha (i) signalling events
• - Liganded Gi-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gi [Danio rerio]
• - G alpha (q) signalling events
• - Liganded Gq/11-activating GPCRs act as GEFs for Gq/11 [Danio rerio]

Signaling by GPCR

• - GPCR ligand binding
• - Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
• - Melatonin receptors can bind melatonin [Mus musculus]
• - GPCR downstream signaling
• - G alpha (i) signalling events
• - Liganded Gi-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gi [Mus musculus]
• - G alpha (q) signalling events
• - Liganded Gq/11-activating GPCRs act as GEFs for Gq/11 [Mus musculus]

Bile salt and organic anion SLC transporters

• - Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
• - MCTs mediate proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates and ketone bodies [Sus scrofa]

Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins

• - Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism
• - Triglyceride Biosynthesis
• - Fatty Acyl-CoA Biosynthesis
• - Generation of Cytoplasmic Acetyl CoA from Citrate [Mycobacterium tuberculosis]
• - Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation
• - mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of saturated fatty acids
• - Beta oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA to myristoyl-CoA
• - 3-Oxopalmitoyl-CoA+CoA-SH<=>myristoyl-CoA [Mycobacterium tuberculosis] [Escherichia coli]
• - Beta oxidation of myristoyl-CoA to lauroyl-CoA
• - 3-Oxotetradecanoyl-CoA+CoA-SH<=>Lauroyl-CoA [Mycobacterium tuberculosis] [Escherichia coli]
• - Beta oxidation of lauroyl-CoA to decanoyl-CoA-CoA
• - 3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA+CoA-SH<=>Decanoyl-CoA [Mycobacterium tuberculosis] [Escherichia coli]
• - Beta oxidation of decanoyl-CoA to octanoyl-CoA-CoA
• - 3-Oxodecanoyl-CoA+CoA-SH<=>Octanoyl-CoA [Mycobacterium tuberculosis] [Escherichia coli]
• - Beta oxidation of octanoyl-CoA to hexanoyl-CoA
• - 3-Oxooctanoyl-CoA+CoA-SH<=>Hexanoyl-CoA [Mycobacterium tuberculosis] [Escherichia coli]
• - Beta oxidation of hexanoyl-CoA to butanoyl-CoA
• - 3-Oxohexanoyl-CoA+CoA-SH<=>Butanoyl-CoA [Mycobacterium tuberculosis] [Escherichia coli]
• - mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids
• - Removal of six carbons from Linoleoyl-CoA to form cis,cis-3,6- Dodecadienoyl-CoA [Mycobacterium tuberculosis]
• - Removal of 2 Carbon atoms from trans,cis-Lauro-2,6-dienoyl-CoA to form 4-cis-decenoyl-CoA [Mycobacterium tuberculosis]
• - Peroxisomal lipid metabolism
• - Beta-oxidation of pristanoyl-CoA
• - acetyl-CoA + H2O => acetate + CoASH [Mycobacterium tuberculosis] [Escherichia coli]
• - Beta-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids
• - acetyl-CoA + H2O => acetate + CoASH [Mycobacterium tuberculosis] [Escherichia coli]